Informing the Future Critical Issues in Health, Sixth Edition (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Shaping Research Priorities
Shaping Research Priorities
Pages 97-108
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From page 97... ...
IOM studies have offered research blueprints for tackling stubborn challenges that call for innovative approaches as well as new questions that demand immediate attention. Assessing the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico When the Deepwater Horizon offshore drilling rig in the Gulf of Mexico exploded on April 20, 2010, it killed 11 workers and unleashed one of the largest oil spills in U.S.
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From page 98... ...
The IOM convened the first workshop in June 2010, bringing together more than 350 federal, state, and local government officials; scientists from varied disciplines; policy experts; healthcare pro viders; public health advocates; and community representatives and residents from affected areas. Presenters reviewed current knowledge and iden tified gaps regarding the human health effects of exposure to oil and chemical dispersants.
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From page 99... ...
One group will include adults 18 years of age or older who worked or volunteered for 1 or more days in any cleanup task and therefore were exposed to potential health threats; the other group will include adults who completed safety training but did not perform cleanup work and therefore were not directly exposed, along with other unexposed community members, such as friends and relatives of the work
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From page 100... ...
For example, study officials can make greater use of resources and expertise available both at the federal level and locally, and they can provide more specific, focused outcomes or concrete hypotheses that can be used to guide decisions about the data to be collected. In addition, the study would benefit by including more health outcomes, such as additional psychosocial measurements and gathering of data from pregnant women affected by the oil spill.
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From page 101... ...
is the lead agency for such research. NIOSH has research programs in eight main areas -- hearing loss; mining; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; respiratory diseases; personal protective technology; traumatic injury; construction; and health hazard evaluation.
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From page 102... ...
In addition to these wide-ranging evaluations of research on worker safety, the IOM has reviewed NIOSH's research plans for addressing health concerns raised by a single class of workplace hazards: asbestos fibers and similar mineral particles. Prior and ongoing exposures to asbestos con
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From page 103... ...
On a broader scale, NIOSH should continue to work with other federal agen- The National Institute for cies, as well as with private-sector groups Occupational Safety and and nonprofit organizations, in developing Health should continue to work an overarching strategy for research. Such with other federal agencies, a strategy might include several elements as well as with private-sector in addition to the framework and goals set groups and nonprofit forth in the proposed roadmap, among them organizations, in developing an an interdisciplinary system for prioritizing overarching strategy for research activities to ensure maximum effi- research.
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From page 104... ...
Over the past 2 decades, however, there have been Women comprise more than 50 major changes in government support of percent of the U.S. population women's health research -- in policies, regbut historically have gotten ulations, and the organization of research short shrift as subjects of efforts.
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From page 105... ...
Many people often are confused by conflicting findings and opposing recommendations emerging from health research, including women's health research. The committee calls on HHS to appoint a task force to develop strategies to effectively communicate research-based health messages to women.
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From page 106... ...
, asked the IOM to appoint a committee of experts to examine the opportunities and obstacles in developing drugs and medical devices for treating rare diseases. In Rare Diseases and Orphan Products: Accel erating Research and Development (2010)
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From page 107... ...
Other steps include identifying unmet needs for medical devices to treat rare conditions and improving understanding of how public and private insurance programs have an effect on access to drugs and medical devices for such conditions. To help build on the recommendations and existing activities, HHS should establish a national task force on accelerating rare diseases research and product development.
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From page 108... ...
The framework consists of four classes of considerations: the public health context of drug safety, regulatory science and public accountability, design considerations, and additional ethical obligations to research participants. Within each category, the committee explores a number of key issues that the FDA might be expected to face in determining whether and how to conduct postmarketing studies.
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