Clinical Preventive Services for Women Closing the Gaps (2011) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 15-28
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From page 15... ...
The expansion of coverage to millions of uninsured Americans and the new standards for coverage of preventive services that are included in the ACA have the potential to increase the use of preventive health care services and screenings and in turn improve the health and well-being of individuals across the United States. SPECIFICS OF THE LEGISLATION The approaches to prevention and wellness offered within the Act are broad based and range from new coverage requirements and incentives to expand workplace wellness activities to new investments.
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. Prevention goes beyond the use of disease prevention measures.
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. When patients are systematically provided with the tools and information that they need to reduce their health risks, the likelihood that they will take steps to, for example, reduce substance use, stop using tobacco products, practice safe sex, eat healthful foods, and engage in physical activity increases (WHO, 2002)
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The Women's Health Amendment (Federal Register, 2010) , which was introduced by Senator Barbara Mikulski and which was added to the ACA, expands on these improvements by requiring that all private health plans cover -- with no cost-sharing requirements -- a newly identified set of preventive health care services for women.
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Diabetes High dietary trans fatty acids Respiratory Low intake of fruits and vegetables Other NCDs Alcohol use Low PUFA (in place of SFA) Injury FIGURE 1-1 Deaths in women attributable to total effects of individual risk factors (in thousands)
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. Even though results of studies indicate that evidence-based preventive care services lower the burden of disease, are often cost-effective, increase the efficiency of health care spending, and contribute to the creation of a more productive and prosperous America, many financial barriers exist that prevent women from achieving health and well-being for themselves and their families.
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From page 21... ...
The committee will also provide guidance on a process for regularly updating the preventive screenings and services to be considered. In conducting its work, the committee will: conduct a series of meetings to examine existing prevention guidelines, obtain input from stakeholders, identify gaps that may exist in recommended preventive services for USPSTF Grade A and B pre ventive services guidelines for women and in Bright Futures and USPSTF Grade A and B guidelines for adolescents, and highlight specific services and screenings that could supplement currently recommended preventive services for women.
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The committee was also directed to limit its work to identifying clinical preventive service coverage gaps and not to make recommendations regarding community-based prevention activities. The committee recognizes that many factors that shape the health and well-being of women fall outside the realm of clinical services.
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In addition, other key definitions are included in Box 1-4. These definitions were adapted from the Five Major Steps to Intervention of the Agency for Healthcare Research BOX 1-3 Definition of Preventive Health Services For the purposes of this study, the Committee on Preventive Services for Women defines preventive health services to be measures -- including medications, procedures, devices, tests, education, and counseling -- shown to improve well being and/or decrease the likelihood or delay the onset of a targeted disease or condition.
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Testing may involve questioning patients (e.g., asking a patient about tobacco use) , physical examination (e.g., mam mography screening to detect potential breast cancers)
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and the National Business Group on Health's Purchaser's Guide to Clinical Preventive Services: Moving Science into Coverage (NBGH, 2005)
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2010. Interim final rules for group health plans and health insurance issuers relating to coverage of preventive services under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
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2011. Women at risk: Why increasing numbers of women are failing to get the health care they need and how the Affordable Care Act will help.
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