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Appendix F: Reprinted Workshop Report
Pages 125-166

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From page 125...
... F Reprinted Workshop Report Summary of the Workshop to Identify Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs (National Research Council, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011) , which summa rizes the National Research Council workshop held in March 9-10, 2011, in Fairfax, Virginia, is reprinted here in its entirety.
From page 127...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 127 Summary of the Workshop to Identify Gaps and Possible Directions for NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Orbital Debris Programs Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
From page 128...
... International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-21515-2 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-21515-3 Copies of this report are available free of charge from: Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board National Research Council 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800)
From page 129...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 129 The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters.
From page 130...
... Wake Turbulence: An Obstacle to Increased Air Traffic Capacity (ASEB, 2008) Limited copies of ASEB reports are available free of charge from Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board National Research Council The Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20001 (202)
From page 131...
... MOLONEY, Director, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board
From page 132...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 132 AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ENGINEERING BOARD RAYMOND S COLLADAY, Lockheed Martin Astronautics (retired)
From page 133...
... . The NRC assembled the Committee for the Assessment of NASA's Orbital Debris Programs to review NASA's existing efforts, policies, and organization with regard to meteoroids and orbital debris, including its efforts in the areas of modeling and simulation, detection and monitoring, protection, mitigation, reentry, collision assessment risk analysis and launch collision avoidance, interagency cooperation, international cooperation, and cooperation with the commercial space industry.
From page 134...
... The committee maintains responsibility for the overall quality and accuracy of the report as a record of what transpired at the workshop, but views and opinions contained in this workshop report were expressed by the presenters, attendees, or individual committee members as attributed and do not necessarily represent the views of the whole committee. The committee heard from five panels of presenters at the workshop, each of which was composed of three to five members who spoke for a short period of time.
From page 135...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 135 Acknowledgment of Reviewers This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the National Research Council (NRC)
From page 137...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 137 Contents SUMMARY OF REMARKS MADE BY WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS 1 Session 1: NASA Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Programs, 1 Session 2: NASA Mission Operators, 4 Session 3: The Role of NASA's MMOD Programs and Their Relationship to Other Federal Agencies, 6 Session 4: MMOD and the Commercial Industry Perspective, 7 Session 5: Orbital Debris Retrieval and Removal, 9 Observations of Individual Committee Members, 11 APPENDIXES A Letter of Request 15 B Statement of Task 17 C Workshop Agenda 18 D Committee and Staff Biographical Information 21 E Acronyms 27
From page 139...
... Panel on Orbital Debris Retrieval and Removal. SESSION 1: NASA METEOROID AND ORBITAL DEBRIS PROGRAMS The leads for NASA's meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD)
From page 140...
... 1 Eric Christiansen, "Hypervelocity Impact Technology (HVIT) Group," presented at the NRC Workshop to Identify Gaps and Possible Direc tions for NASA's MMOD Programs, March 9, 2011.
From page 141...
... This reality has impressed on policymakers the need to carry out R&D on the retrieval/ removal of objects, particularly large objects, from orbit, and attention to this subject is now increasing as a result of its inclusion in the 2010 National Space Policy. Apart from preparing for the future of orbital debris prevention and mitigation, NASA and the U.S.
From page 142...
... mission; the ARTEMIS mission, which studies the Earth-Moon envi ronment; the Hubble Space Telescope; the Earth observation missions Jason-1 and Ocean Surface Temperature Mission/Jason-2; and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center's Space Science Mission Operations project, which is responsible for the management of space science missions from conceptual development through end of operations. Committee members were interested in learning what MMOD-related problems missions encounter throughout the lifetime of a spacecraft, how NASA's MMOD programs meet mission planners' and operators' needs, and what information mission managers are using to make decisions related to the operations of a spacecraft -- in particular, those decisions related to MMOD.
From page 143...
... involved in space policy, space and Earth science, and MMOD issues discussed challenges they face from the space environment, interagency issues and opportunities for collaboration, and how and to what extent they engage NASA's MMOD programs. One of the panelists noted that at the beginning of 2010, the Space Protection Program, a joint U.S.
From page 144...
... The State Department is looking at what are some minimal actions nations can take to mitigate the creation of orbital debris, as well as reduce the risk to space assets from natural and manmade debris already in orbit. International avenues for addressing MMOD issues are adequate up to a point, but international guidelines are non-binding, and there is no supranational adjudicative body tasked specifically with international space law.
From page 145...
... Nonetheless, the relation ships between these agencies and NASA's MMOD programs vary from agency to agency, and it was revealed at the workshop that there were varying degrees of coordination on the matter within the agencies themselves. When asked who the technical lead is within DOD on MMOD issues, the DOD panelist said that there was no such position at DOD, an agency with an even larger space portfolio than all of the U.S.
From page 146...
... Third-party insurance claims for objects in space can be complicated by the vagaries of international space law. Determining the cause of an incident and subsequent liability can be very difficult.
From page 147...
... Emphasis is placed on research and development because the government does not yet know what technologies will ultimately be necessary or are feasible on the scale required for effective orbital debris retrieval and removal, as well as guaranteed prevention of collisions if such an event is predicted. Although the National Space Policy calls for research and development in this field, it does not specify a threshold or goal, but rather intends such research and development as a beginning to the entire process.
From page 148...
... If this improved understanding is further refined, the United States could provide a clearer example for other countries of how to structure similar governmental MMOD programs. • The number and the variety of users of NASA MMOD programs, data, models, and services are impressive, with most of these interactions being carried out without formal contracts, compensation, or acknowledgment.
From page 149...
... If NASA could update publicly available models more frequently, the space community would benefit greatly in designing its own space craft with the most up-to-date information. • The large differences between rules among the different agencies to satisfy MMOD guidelines are surprising.
From page 151...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 151 Appendixes
From page 153...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 153 A Letter of Request
From page 156...
... The first will be a workshop report and the second will be the committee's final report at the conclusion of the study. This project is sponsored by NASA.
From page 157...
... Panelists: John Lyver, Office of Safety and Mission Assurance, NASA Headquarters, Man ager of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program Offices Gene Stansbery, NASA Orbital Debris Program Office, Johnson Space Center William Cooke, Meteoroid Environment Office, Marshall Space Flight Center Eric Christiansen, Hypervelocity Impact Technology Group, Johnson Space Center/ Human Exploration Science Office Lauri Newman, NASA Robotic Conjunction Assessment Risk Analysis, Goddard Space Flight Center 12:00 p.m. Lunch Session 2: NASA Mission Operators 12:45 p.m.
From page 158...
... government agencies involved in space policy, space and Earth science, and MMOD issues will discuss challenges they face from the space environment, interagency issues and opportunities for collaboration, and how and to what extent they engage NASA's MMOD programs. Panelists: Andrew Palowitch, Director, Space Protection Program, Air Force Space Command/National Reconnaissance Office Phil Brinkman, Program Lead for Licenses, Office of Commercial Space Trans portation, Federal Aviation Administration Mark Mulholland, Senior Advisor, Office of Systems Development, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kenneth Hodgkins, Director, Space and Advanced Technology, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, U.S.
From page 159...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 159 Representatives of NASA's technology development programs, the Department of Defense, and the Executive Office of the President will talk about these efforts and what it will take to help engineer a safer space environment. Panelists: Wilson Harkins, Deputy Chief, Safety Mission Assurance, NASA Steven Meier, Director, Crosscutting Capability Demonstration Division, NASA Office of the Chief Technologist Damon Wells, Senior Advisor, Office of Science and Technology Policy 12:30 p.m.
From page 160...
... He worked at NASA's Johnson Space Center as a senior scientist for orbital debris research in the Solar System Exploration Division, where he coordinated NASA's orbital debris research program. He also participated in national and international reviews of other agencies' orbital debris programs and participated in establishing the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee, an international agency to address orbital debris issues.
From page 161...
... He was a member of the NASA Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel for 10 years and the NRC National Weather Service Modernization Committee, the Committee on Membership, the Aerospace Engi neering Peer Committee, the Committee on International Space Station Meteoroid/Debris Risk Management, and the Committee on Space Debris.
From page 162...
... She has served as the dean of the NASA Space Academy at Goddard Space Flight Center, as the managing attorney of a law firm, and as an official observer for the International Astronautical Federation to the United Nations' Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. She was a member of the International Insti tute of Space Law delegation to the Unidroit Committee of Governmental Experts for the Preparation of a Draft Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters Specific to Space Assets.
From page 163...
... She is a member of the NRC's Space Studies Board and has previously served on the NRC's Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board, the Panel on Earth Science Applications and Societal Needs, the Science Panel of the Review of NASA Strategic Roadmaps, and the Committee on a Survey of the Scientific Use of the Radio Spectrum.
From page 164...
... Following his work with the National Space Society during his senior year as an undergraduate, Mr. Groswald decided to pursue a career in space policy, with a focus on educating the public on space issues and formulating policy.
From page 165...
... MICHAEL H MOLONEY is the director of the SSB and the Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board at the NRC.
From page 166...
... REPRINTED WORKSHOP REPORT 166 E Acronyms ARTEMIS Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun ASEB Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board CARA conjunction assessment risk analysis DAS Debris Assessment Software DLR German Aerospace Center DOD Department of Defense FAA Federal Aviation Administration FCC Federal Communications Commission GEO geosynchronous/geostationary Earth orbit GPM Global Precipitation Measurement (mission) HST Hubble Space Telescope HVIT Hypervelocity Impact Technology IADC Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee JSpOC Joint Space Operations Center LEO low Earth orbit MEM Meteoroid Environment Model MMOD meteoroid and orbital debris NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRC National Research Council OCT Office of the Chief Technologist ODPO Orbital Debris Program Office ORDEM Orbital Debris Environment Model ORSAT Object Reentry Survival Analysis Tool OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy PSFT Propulsion Systems Foundation Technology R&D research and development TRL technology readiness level UN United Nations


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