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3 Orbital Debris Modeling and Simulation
Pages 23-28

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From page 23...
... Meteoroid modeling and simulation, including the Meteoroid Environment Model (MEM) , are discussed separately in Chapter 4, "The Meteoroid Environment and its Effects on Spacecraft." In addition, the committee notes that the collision avoidance operations are not discussed since they represent an operational capacity that is not directly supported by the NASA MMOD offices.
From page 24...
... ORSAT (Object Simulates reentry of hardware to NASA evolved ORSAT 6.0 None None Reentry Survival determine debris casualty area since 1993 but 2006 Analysis Tool) to calculate the reentry risk to also used to people on Earth.
From page 25...
... Considering longitude permits analysis of constellations or any orbits that may include a stable argument of perigee or right ascension of ascending node. LEGEND contains a number of submodels: the traffic model describes the frequency of launches, the initial orbits of objects placed into orbit, and the physical charac teristics of each object placed into orbit; the atmospheric decay model includes the Jacchia atmospheric density model plus a solar activity model; and various debris source models describe sources, such as SBM, exhaust from solid rocket motors, and coolant leaks.
From page 26...
... Anz-Meador, The Search for a Previously Unknown Source of Orbital Debris: The Possibility of a Coolant Leak in Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellites, JSC-27737 and LMSMSS32426, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex., February 21, 1997; E.L. Christiansen, Handbook for Designing MMOD Protection, NASA TM-2009-214785, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex., 2009; W.H.
From page 27...
... enhanced data on fragment shape characteristics. The following two models developed by NASA are provided to the public: 8 • DAS, a suite of tools originally provided to assist NASA offices in verifying compliance with NASA procedural requirements for NASA STD 8719.14, has been used by many non-NASA missions to ascertain their systems' debris-related performance.9 DAS contains ORDEM, SBM, ballistic limit equations (BLEs)
From page 28...
... , is slated to include a definition of the environment past LEO, an explicit characterization of orbital debris flux uncertainties, and the introduction of material densities into the model. Recommendation: NASA's Orbital Debris Program Office should release the next version of the Orbital Debris Environment Model as soon as possible and provide updates on a regular basis or as often as required as a result of major changes to the orbital debris environment or improved characterization of that environment, including characterization of debris shape, as applicable.


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