Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 10 (2011) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 198-226
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 198... ...
4 Perchloromethyl Mercaptan1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
|
From page 199... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 199 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
|
From page 200... ...
200 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels nary irritation (labored breathing, increased lung weight, pulmonary edema, increased mucous secretion, alveolitis, interstitial fibroplasia, and perivascular edema) were noted at 1.15 ppm.
|
From page 201... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 201 not be empirically derived because of inadequate data. Therefore, the default values of n = 1 and 3 were used for extrapolating from shorter to longer and longer to shorter durations of exposure, respectively.
|
From page 202... ...
202 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 4-1 Summary of AEGL Values for Perchloromethyl Mercaptan End Point Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h (Reference) AEGL-1 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013 Nasal epithelial (nondisabling)
|
From page 203... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 203 and an "olfactory threshold" of 0.24 ppm (reported as 1.8 mg/m3) (Izmerov et al.
|
From page 204... ...
204 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels curred due to massive hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, accompanied by simultaneous heart, circulatory, and kidney collapse (Althoff 1973)
|
From page 205... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 205 periment, four male rats were exposed at 100 ppm for 1 h. The animals exhibited severe respiratory difficulty, and all died.
|
From page 206... ...
206 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.1.3. Cats Cats exposed to perchloromethyl mercaptan at approximately 46 ppm for 15 min (reported as 0.35 mg/L)
|
From page 207... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 207 As discussed in Section 3.1.1, Gage (1970) conducted a series of experiments in which Alderley Park specific-pathogen-free rats were exposed to perchloromethyl mercaptan at 100, 10, 2, or 0.5 ppm for various time periods.
|
From page 208... ...
208 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Effects No developmental and reproductive toxicity data on perchloromethyl mercaptan were found in the available literature.
|
From page 209... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 209 TABLE 4-4 Summary of Inhalation Data in Laboratory Rats Concentration Exposure (ppm) Time Effect Reference Lethal Effects 18 1h Lowest empirical exposure causing mortality Stauffer (7/10)
|
From page 210... ...
210 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels increased mucous secretion, alveolitis, and interstitial fibroplasia) (Knapp et al.
|
From page 211... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 211 ity data are available for methyl mercaptan, the potency of perchloromethyl mercaptan is greater than that of methyl mercaptan. In rats, the highest nonlethal concentration of perchloromethyl mercaptan is 9 ppm for 1 h, and the 1-h LC50 is reported to be 11, 13, or 16 ppm.
|
From page 212... ...
212 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels were also observed (Stauffer Chemical Co.
|
From page 213... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 213 6.
|
From page 214... ...
214 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels scribe adverse health effects consistent with an AEGL-2 end point. In the absence of specific data that could be used to determine AEGL-2 values, one-third of the AEGL-3 values have been used to establish the AEGL-2 values when the data indicated a steep exposure-based relationship.
|
From page 215... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 215 A total uncertainty factor of 10 was applied. An intraspecies uncertainty factor of 3 and interspecies uncertainty factor of 3 were applied because perchloromethyl mercaptan is highly irritating and corrosive, and much of the toxicity is probably caused by a direct chemical effect on the tissues; this type of port-ofentry effect is not expected to vary greatly among individuals or among species.
|
From page 216... ...
216 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 4-8 Summary of AEGL Values for Perchloromethyl Mercaptan Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm (nondisabling)
|
From page 217... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 217 FIGURE 4-1 Category plot of animal toxicity data compared with AEGL values. TABLE 4-9 Extant Standards and Guidelines for Perchloromethyl Mercaptan Exposure Duration Guideline 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm AEGL-2 0.53 ppm 0.37 ppm 0.30 ppm 0.077 ppm 0.037 ppm AEGL-3 1.6 ppm 1.1 ppm 0.90 ppm 0.23 ppm 0.11 ppm IDLH (NIOSH)
|
From page 218... ...
218 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels concentration for a normal 8-h workday and a 40-h workweek to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. c PEL-TWA (permissible exposure limits–time-weighted average, Occupational Health and Safety Administration)
|
From page 219... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 219 Dillwith, J.W., and R.A. Lewis.
|
From page 220... ...
220 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels NRC (National Research Council)
|
From page 221... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 221 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. EPA Document.
|
From page 222... ...
222 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR PERCHLOROMETHYL MERCAPTAN Derivation of AEGL-1 Key study: Knapp et al. 1987 Toxicity end point: Mild nasal epithelial changes representing a NOAEL for notable discomfort following exposure of rats at 0.013 ppm for 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks.
|
From page 223... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 223 4-h AEGL-2: 0.23 ppm/3 = 0.077 ppm 8-h AEGL-2: 0.11 ppm/3 = 0.037 ppm Derivation of AEGL-3 Key study: Stauffer Chemical Co. 1971 Toxicity end point: No lethality in rats exposed to 9 ppm for 1 h Time-scaling: Cn × t = k (default of n = 1 for shorter to longer exposure periods and n=3 for longer to shorter exposure periods)
|
From page 224... ...
224 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX B ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR PERCHLOROMETHYL MERCAPTAN Derivation Summary for Perchloromethyl Mercaptan AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm Reference: Knapp, H.F., S.M. MacAskill, G.M.
|
From page 225... ...
Perchloromethyl Mercaptan 225 AEGL-1 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm 0.013 ppm Time scaling: The derived value was set equal at all AEGL time-points because the end point is a no-effect level for irritation. Data adequacy: No acute toxicity data were available for use in the derivation of the AEGL-1; therefore, the AEGL-1 values are based on a NOAEL from a repeatexposure study.
|
From page 226... ...
226 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-3 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 1.6 ppm 1.1 ppm 0.90 ppm 0.23 ppm 0.11 ppm Effects: Concentration (ppm) : Mortality 9 0/10 18 7/10 124 10/10 382 10/10 822 10/10 2,342 10/10 End point/Concentration/Rationale: Exposure at 9 ppm for 1 h did not result in mortality; all exposed rats exhibited clinical signs of eye and mucosa irritation, dyspnea, gasping, and acute depression; necropsy revealed that the mouth and nasal mucosa were inflamed.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.