Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 10 (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 250-281
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6 Phosphorus Trichloride1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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Phosphorus Trichloride 251 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
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252 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (histopathologic changes in the respiratory tract) of 11 ppm following repeated exposure (6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks)
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Phosphorus Trichloride 253 AEGL-2 values, the 11 ppm exposure in rats was considered a NOAEL for AEGL-2 effects. Uncertainty factor application was the same as for the AEGL-1 tier.
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254 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 1. INTRODUCTION Phosphorus trichloride (CAS No.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 255 2.
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256 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Wason et al.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 257 1981)
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258 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 2.6. Carcinogenicity Information regarding the potential carcinogenicity of phosphorus trichloride in humans is not available.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 259 tion and subsequent sloughing of tissues that was consistent with the activity of a corrosive agent. Microscopic examination revealed necrosis of epithelium and supporting structures in the nostrils but pulmonary damage was considered to be negligible.
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260 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels and expressed as ppm phosphorus trichloride. Over the 4-week exposure period, concentration excursions deviated from target values by -2.0, + 12.3, and + 9.6% for the low, medium, and high-dose groups, respectively.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 261 3.3. Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity No data are available regarding the developmental and reproductive toxicity of phosphorus trichloride in animals.
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262 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 4.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 263 5.
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264 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels contact corrosive effects resulting from these dissociation products would be similar for any mucosal surface and would be independent of biotransformation or other physiological processes. The attenuated uncertainty factors may be justified by the limited human exposure data (Sassi 1952)
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Phosphorus Trichloride 265 TABLE 6-4 AEGL-1 Values for Phosphorus Trichloride AEGL Level 10-min 30-min 1-h 4-h 8-h AEGL-1 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm ocular, nasopharyngeal, and pulmonary irritation and subsequent tissue damage. Animal data are not sufficient to provide a meaningful exposure-response relationship.
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266 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 6-5 AEGL-2 Values for Phosphorus Trichloride AEGL Level 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-2 2.5 ppm 2.5 ppm 2.0 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.83 ppm 7.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 267 Because of the uncertainty in extrapolating from a 4-h exposure to a 10-min exposure, the latter was set equal to the 30-min AEGL-3. A total uncertainty factor adjustment of 10 was used to develop the AEGL-3 values.
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268 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Criteria Existing standards and criteria for phosphorus trichloride are presented in Table 6-7.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 269 The ERPG-2 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 h without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair an individual's ability to take protective action. The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 h without experiencing or developing lifethreatening health effects.
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270 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels j MAC (maximaal aanvaarde concentratie [maximum accepted concentration]
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Phosphorus Trichloride 271 DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft)
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272 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels ten Berge, W.F., A Zwart, and L.M.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 273 APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Key study: Hazleton Laboratories 1983 Toxicity end point: NOAEL of 3.4 ppm for rats following multiple exposure at 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Scaling: No time scaling was applied for AEGL-1 because the contact irritation expected from exposure to phosphorus trichloride vapors is not expected to vary over time.
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274 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Toxicity end point: LOAEL of 11 ppm for respiratory tract histopathologic changes in rats following multiple exposures at 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Scaling: The concentration-time relationship for many irritant and systemically acting vapors and gases may be described by Cn × t = k, where the exponent n ranges from 0.8 to 3.5 (ten Berge et al.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 275 1-h AEGL-2 C3 × 1 h = 7,986 ppm3-h C = 20.0 ppm 1-h AEGL-2 = 20.0 ppm/10 = 2.0 ppm (11 mg/m3)
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276 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Intraspecies UF = 3; contact irritation and subsequent tissue damage appear to be due, in part, to hydrogen chloride and phosphonic acid resulting from chemical dissociaton and direct corrosive action of these components on mucosal surfaces. Additional application of uncertainty factor adjustment would provide AEGL-3 values that are not consistent with limited data on human exposures or with the results of repeated exposures in rats wherein exposure to 11 ppm 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks showed only histologic changes in the upper respiratory tract and no overt signs of toxicity 10-min AEGL-3 Due to uncertainties in extrapolating from a 4-h to 10-min exposure, the 10-min AEGL-3 is set equivalent to the 30-min value (7.0 ppm)
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Phosphorus Trichloride 277 APPENDIX B ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINES FOR FOR PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE Derivation Summary for Phosphorus Trichloride AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm 0.34 ppm Reference: Hazleton Laboratories 1983 Test Species/Strain/Number: Sprague-Dawley rats; 15/sex/group Exposure Route/Concentrations/Durations: Inhalation exposure (whole-body) to 0, 0.5, 3.0, or 10.0 ppm (nominal)
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278 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-2 VALUES 10 min 30-min 1h 4h 8h 2.5 ppm 2.5 ppm 2.0 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.83 ppm Reference: Hazleton Laboratories 1983 Test Species/Strain/Number: Sprague-Dawley rats; 15/sex/group Exposure Route/Concentrations/Durations: Inhalation exposure (whole-body) to 0, 0.5, 3.0, or 10.0 ppm (nominal)
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Phosphorus Trichloride 279 AEGL-3 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 7.0 ppm 7.0 ppm 5.6 ppm 3.5 ppm 1.8 ppm Reference: Weeks, M.H., N.P. Mussleman, P.P.
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280 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-3 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 7.0 ppm 7.0 ppm 5.6 ppm 3.5 ppm 1.8 ppm Data adequacy: Lethality data are limited to two species and quantitative data for humans are limited. However, comparison of the AEGL-3 values with available data does not support application of uncertainty adjustment greater than that currently applied.
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Phosphorus Trichloride 281 APPENDIX C CATEGORY PLOT FOR PHOSPHORUS TRICHLORIDE Chemical Toxicity - TSD All Data 1000 Phosphorus trichloride Human - No Effect Human - Discomfort 100 Human - Disabling Animal - No Effect ppm 10 Animal - Discomfort AEGL-3 Animal - Disabling 1 AEGL-2 Animal - Some Lethality Animal - Lethal AEGL-1 AEGL 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE 6-1 Category plot for phosphorus trichloride.
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