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4 Toward a Bigger Picture of the Costs of Violence
Pages 17-25

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From page 17...
... –sponsored study exploring the costs of violence across multiple countries. The study reviewed more than 100 studies and determined that studies that included indirect costs yielded significantly higher numbers than those that looked only at direct costs.
From page 18...
... costs, details of which can be found in Chapter 6. Overall, he noted that in 2000, the total cost of interpersonal violence was $37 billion in the United States, a number that speaker Phaedra Corso of the University of Georgia also referenced (Corso et al., 2007)
From page 19...
... For example, alcohol accounts for 8.3 percent of costs of violent crimes, and drug-related violent crime accounts for some $6 billion to $10 billion annually. Speaker Kevin Sabet of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy also highlighted the impact of drugs as a risk factor for violence, stating that its pathway is triple: violence is related to pharmacologic changes, economic
From page 20...
... Forum member Rodrigo Guerrero noted that violence in Colombia costs the equivalent of 15 percent of GDP. Speaker Aslihan Kes of the International Center for Research on Women stated that intimate partner violence poses significant costs to society.
From page 21...
... Such costs generally fall within the realm of social costs but can also include economic costs, which are difficult to measure, or social costs, which result in financial loss indirectly. Social costs include outcomes such as future violence or loss of social cohesion.
From page 22...
... . Speakers Juma Assiago and Elizabeth Ward mentioned that violence is impeding the achievement of MDGs, while Forum chair Jacquelyn Campbell and speaker Aslihan Kes specifically mentioned that intimate partner violence is an obstacle to the achievement of MDGs 3 (gender equality and women's empowerment)
From page 23...
... Speaker Rachel Davis of the Prevention Institute noted that fear of violence affected behavior because people are afraid to go outside or let their children play outside. Businesses, such as grocery stores, fail to invest in violent neighborhoods, denying residents access to healthy food.
From page 24...
... Over time, this becomes detrimental because the body wants to maintain these high arousal levels when they are no longer necessary. This biological embedding results in individuals who are more likely to aggress or to see aggression where there is none, to respond to nonstressful situations with violence or anger, and to experience adverse outcomes of chronic stress throughout life.
From page 25...
... 2007. Intimate partner violence and health care costs and utilization for children living in the home.


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