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Social and Economic Costs of Violence Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
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2 Approaches to Measurement and Costing Methodology
Pages 7-13

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From page 7...
... However, participants held mixed opinions regarding the importance of creating such a framework and the focus on relying on economic data. The need for a robust methodology to calculate costs was best exemplified by the desire to determine the cost-effectiveness of intervention programs.
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From page 8...
... Also, some outcomes of violence, when calculated in terms of medical costs, suggest potential financial benefits from preventing violence-related mortality. For example, speaker and Forum member Michael Phillips of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine pointed out that survivors of suicide attempts often have ongoing psychological illnesses that require medical attention and can pose a burden on the social welfare system through requiring subsidized health care or disability.
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From page 9...
... TABLE 2-1 Sample of Potential Costs of Violence at Various Ecologic Levels Individual Family Community Societal Economic development •  Loss of personal •  Access to business  •  Business tax revenue investments establishments •  Entrepreneurship •  Foreign direct investment Criminal justice services •  Legal services •  Legal services •  Reentry or recidivism •  Court proceedings •  Legal services •  Incarceration •  Juvenile delinquency programs •  Policing (emergency  responders, patrol, and investigative units) •  Victim compensation •  Violence training  Health services/ •  Cardiovascular disease •  Mental and behavioral  •  Behavioral health care health effects •  Mental health (internalizing  health •  Chronic disease treatment or externalizing behaviors)
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From page 10...
... •  Crisis centers, domestic  violence shelters (housing vouchers, disability and unemployment services, welfare and public assistance) Perpetration of future violence •  Normalization of violence •  Intergenerational  •  Normalization of violence •  Normalization of violence •  Risk-taking behavior relationships •  Gender inequality •  Gender inequality Mortality •  Death •  Impact on family unit •  Impact on community  •  Value of human life structure •  Life insurance Educational system •  Lower occupational  •  Funding based on student  •  Counseling services attainment performance •  Grade retention •  Decreased sense of  •  Property damage •  Property damage self-worth •  Staff turnover •  Resources for managing  •  Economic dependence •  Attendance and delinquent behavior graduation rates •  Graduation rates •  Student attendance •  Security services •  Special education for students  with disabilities •  Productivity loss
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From page 11...
... Workforce •  Development of  •  Workplace security •  Human capital employment skills •  Payroll tax revenue •  Occupational attainment •  Absenteeism •  Workers' compensation •  Friction costs •  Presenteeism Community development •  Self-isolation •  Collective efficacy •  Marginalization of specific  groups •  Property damage •  Property value •  Shared resources or space •  Social capital •  Transiency, displacement Household resources •  Education •  Health insurance •  Income •  Household size (single  parent, multifamily or generation, unplanned pregnancy, infertility)
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From page 12...
... The child then misses school, is labeled a "troublemaker," and may not reach full intel lectual potential due to these missed opportunities. Later repercussions can include decreased employment or financial opportunities, increased stress due to lower income, potential for perpetration of violence in future family settings, increased risk for substance abuse, and chronic health outcomes due to stress.
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From page 13...
... The identification of noneconomic effects and the ability to place dollar values on such effects was also a major discussion at the workshop. Some participants strongly felt that such costs lie at the heart of the massive burden of violence but are currently difficult to enumerate.
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Key Terms

  • nonmedical costs
  • medical costs
  • social services
  • indirect costs
  • economic data

  • acute costs
  • include medical
  • categorizing costs
  • calculating costs
  • criminal justice

  • community development
  • noneconomic effects
  • corso suggested
  • traditional economic
  • potential financial

  • services providers
  • readily fall
  • psychological illnesses
  • family settings
  • larger context

  • traditional cost
  • physical pain
  • participants discussed
  • suicide attempts
  • primary prevention

  • outcomes due
  • poorer educational
  • educational quality
  • nontangible effects
  • increased risk


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