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1 Introduction
Pages 9-26

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From page 9...
... The facilities that enable those missions include military installations; embassy compounds; office and administrative space; satellite, communication, and data centers; hospitals; museums; laboratories; roads and bridges; dams and levees; inland waterways; power plants; and many other types of buildings, structures, and infrastructure. The estimated replacement value of all federal government facilities (buildings, structures, and infrastructure)
From page 10...
... . Federal facilities program managers are federal employees who are directly responsible for federal facilities programs; their responsibilities may include oversight of activities related to facilities design, construc tion, programming, budgeting, operations, maintenance, and evaluation.
From page 11...
... It combines engineering principles with sound business practices and economic theory, and provides tools to facilitate a more organized, logical approach to decision-making. A facilities asset management approach allows for both program or network-level management and project-level management, and thereby supports both executive-level and field-level decision-making (NRC, 2004a, p.
From page 12...
... SOURCE: GSA, 2010. TABLE 1.1  Federal Buildings by Predominant Use and Square Footage as Reported for FY 2009 Predominant Use Square Feet in Millions Office 740.8 Warehouses 460.4 Services 416.2 Family housing 364.9 Barracks 271.2 Schools 251.7 Other institutional uses 221.4 All remaining uses 612.8 Total square feet 3,339.4 SOURCE: GSA, 2010.
From page 13...
... 49,000 Parking structures 39,000 Miscellaneous military facilities 35,000 Storage (other than buildings) 30,000 Navigation and traffic aids (other than buildings)
From page 14...
... . Additional issues include the "numerous stakeholders that have an interest in how the federal government carries out its real property acquisition, management, and disposal practices" and a "complex legal environment that has a significant impact on real property decision making and may not lead to economically rational outcomes" (GAO, 2011b, p.
From page 15...
... designated federal real property as a "high-risk" 2 topic because of long-standing problems with excess and underutilized facilities, deteriorating facilities, lack of reliable governmentwide data for strategic asset management, the high costs of leased space, and the costs and challenges of securing property against potential threat of terrorism. In its report GAO stated that "many assets are in an alarming state of deterioration; agencies have estimated restoration and repair needs to be in the tens of billions of dollars" (GAO, 2003, p.
From page 16...
... The 2008 GAO report, Federal Real Property: Government's Fiscal Exposure from Repair and Maintenance Backlogs is Unclear, found important differences in how agencies plan, estimate, and fund maintenance and repair activities. At that time, GAO recommended that OMB, in conjunction with the FRPC and in consultation with the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB)
From page 17...
... . Two additional long-standing issues affect federal facilities management and investment.
From page 18...
... The process used to set priorities for projects may range from the discretion of an individual to a committee discussion and may encompass a subjective ad hoc approach, stakeholder requests, a very structured objective approach that uses matrices or algorithms to rank projects, or combinations thereof. The lack of standardization or comparability in developing funding requests makes it difficult for individual agencies and the government as a whole to identify the beneficial outcomes or the adverse consequences of different investment strategies, to share lessons learned, and to improve the outcomes of maintenance and repair investments governmentwide.
From page 19...
... The foundation of more sustainable practices is provided by portfolio-based facilities management, information tools and technologies, and recognition of the role of facilities in achieving public policy goals of energy independence and environmental sustainability. Portfolio-Based Facilities Management Recognition of the costs of facilities, of the role of facilities in enabling organization missions, of facilities' effects on occupants' health, safety, and security, and of facilities' effects on the environment, has been the impetus for more strategic management approaches by both private-sector and government organizations.
From page 20...
... management by indicating how real property moves the agency's mission forward, outlining the agency's capital management plans, and describing how the agency plans to operate its facilities and dispose of unneeded real property, including listing current and future disposal plans" (GAO, 2011b, pp.
From page 21...
... Laws have been enacted and other directives have been issued that establish goals of reducing the use of water, energy, and fossil fuels; improving indoor environmental quality; and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)
From page 22...
... by the end of FY 2015.5 The overall goals and objectives of the Guiding Principles are to reduce the total ownership cost of facilities; to improve energy efficiency and water conservation; to provide safe, healthy, and productive built environments; and to promote sustainable environmental stewardship. With respect to indoor environmental quality, the Guiding Principles recommend that agencies meet industry standards for ventilation, humidity, and temperature, and that they establish and implement a moisture control strategy to prevent building damage and mold c ­ ontamination -- actions that are related primarily to the efficient operation and maintenance of buildings.
From page 23...
... • Are there effective communication strategies that federal facilities pro gram managers can use to inform decision-makers better about the cost effectiveness of levels of investment in facilities' maintenance and repair? THE COMMITTEE'S APPROACH The committee members had expertise in facilities management, engineering, budgeting and finance, information technologies and data collection, the development of facilities-related models and performance measures, and risk identification, analysis, mitigation, and communication.
From page 24...
... , both of which focused on the fiduciary responsibility of maintaining the nation's public assets. Investments in Federal Facilities: Asset Management Strategies for the 21st Century (NRC, 2004a)
From page 25...
... Chapter 1, "Introduction," contains statistical information about the portfolio of federal facilities, long-standing facilities investment and management issues, the impetus for and foundation of more sustainable maintenance and repair practices, the committee's statement of task, and the committee's approach to fulfilling its task. Chapter 2, "Outcomes and Risks Associated with Investments in Maintenance and Repair," briefly describes the processes used by federal agencies for identifying maintenance and repair requirements and for developing funding
From page 26...
... Appendix C is more technical than other sections of the report and is intended primarily for federal facilities managers. It provides some fundamentals of a riskbased approach, including basic principles of probability analysis, and examples of quantifying outcomes of maintenance and repair investments.


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