Toward Precision Medicine Building a Knowledge Network for Biomedical Research and a New Taxonomy of Disease (2011) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Glossary
Appendix E: Glossary
Pages 119-128
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. Biosamples Samples of biological materials Candidate gene a gene whose chromosomal location is associated with a particular disease or other phenotype.
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. Disease marker specific molecular signature of disease, physiological measurement, genotype structural or functional characteristic, metabolic changes, or other determinant that may simplify the diagnostic process, make diagnoses more accurate, distinguish different causes of disease, or enable physicians to make diagnoses before symptoms appear and to track disease progression (Medical Dictionary 2011)
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. GenBank the GenBank sequence database is an annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations (Mizrachi 2002)
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a National Institutes of Health initiative that aims to characterize the microbial communities found at several different sites on the human body, including nasal passages, oral cavities, skin, gastroin testinal tract, and urogenital tract, and to analyze the role of these microbes in human health and disease. Institutional Review Board (IRB)
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. Natural language processing a theoretically motivated range of computational techniques for analyzing and representing naturally occurring texts at one or more levels of linguistic analysis for the purpose of achieving human-like lan guage processing for a range of tasks or applications (Liddy 2001)
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"refers to the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient. It does not literally mean the creation of drugs or medical devices that are unique to a patient, but rather the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease or their response to a specific treatment.
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as used in this report, "precision medicine" refers to the tailoring of medical treatment to the indi vidual characteristics of each patient. It does not literally mean the creation of drugs or medical devices that are unique to a patient, but rather the ability to classify individuals into subpopulations that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease, in the biology and/or prognosis of those diseases they may develop, or in their response to a specific treatment.
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. Translational research transforms scientific discoveries arising from laboratory, clinical, or population studies into clinical applications to reduce can cer incidence, morbidity, and mortality.
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2001. Natural language processing.
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. NHGRI (National Human Genome Research Institute]
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