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Appendix A: Glossary
Pages 243-252

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From page 243...
... product and that when used in the production of a drug becomes an active ingredient of the drug product. Such substances are intended to furnish pharmacological activity or other direct effect in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease or to affect the structure and function of the body (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Committee, 1999)
From page 244...
... Economies of scale: Factors that cause the average cost of producing a product to fall as the volume of its output increases. Enterprise risk management: Enterprise risk management is a discipline, by which an organization in any industry assesses, controls, exploits, finances, and monitors risks from all sources for the purpose of increasing the organization's short- and long-term value to its stakeholders (Casualty Actuarial Society-Enterprise Risk Management Committee, 2003)
From page 245...
... Food control: A mandatory regulatory activity of enforcement by national or local authorities to provide consumer protection and ensure that all foods during production, handling, storage, processing and distribution are safe, wholesome, and fit for human consumption; conform to quality and safety requirements; and are honestly and accurately labeled as prescribed by law. Food hygiene: All conditions and measures necessary to ensure the safety and suitability of food at all stages of the food chain.
From page 246...
... : Practices of primary food producers (such as farmers and fishermen) that are necessary to produce safe and wholesome agricultural food products conforming to food laws and regulations.
From page 247...
... Its goal is to advance health care by accelerating biomedical research discoveries, enhancing public health efficacy, expanding scientific knowledge, and improving medical education and clinical care. One-up, one-back: In the food arena, activities performed to determine the distribution (one-up)
From page 248...
... with the responsibility for performing critical duties, such as approving products as safe and effective prior to entering the market, inspecting manufacturing facilities, and pursuing recalls. These agencies assure that firms meet basic rules for safety, and they also possess the authority to impose sanctions or fines when they discover violations or non-compliance (Marucheck et al., 2011)
From page 249...
... Risk communication: The interactive exchange of information and opinions concerning risks among risk assessors, risk managers, consumers, and other interested parties. Risk management: The process of weighing policy alternatives in the light of results of risk assessment, and, if required, selecting and implementing appropriate control options, including regulatory measures.
From page 250...
... :1405-1447. Casualty Actuarial Society-Enterprise Risk Management Committee.
From page 251...
... 2011. Product safety and security in the global supply chain: Issues, challenges and research opportunities.


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