Water Reuse Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Com water resources. Approximately 12 billion gallons of mittee on Assessment of Water Reuse as an Approach for Meeting Future Water Supply Needs was formed municipal wastewater effluent is discharged each day to conduct a comprehensive study of the potential for to an ocean or estuary out of the 32 billion gallons water reclamation and reuse of municipal wastewater per day discharged nationwide.
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uses, the water supply benefit of water reuse could be ties, practitioners, and regulatory authorities. The use of even greater if the water can again be captured and reclaimed water to augment potable water supplies has reused.
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are also capable of addressing contemporary water An analysis of the extent of de facto potable quality issues related to potable reuse involving emergwater reuse should be conducted to quantify the ing pathogens or trace organic chemicals. Advances number of people currently exposed to wastewater in membrane filtration have made membrane-based contaminants and their likely concentrations.
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Inreclaimed water directly to the water supply without an environmental buffer -- a practice referred to as direct stead, only by using dose-response assessments can a potable reuse -- has been rejected by water utilities, by determination be made of the significance of a detectregulatory agencies in the United States, and by previ- able and quantifiable concentration. A better understanding and a database of the ous NRC committees.
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produced by potable reuse projects with the risk associated with the water supplies that are presently in ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS use. In Chapter 7, the committee presents the results OF WATER REUSE of an original comparative analysis of potential health Currently, few studies have documented the enrisks of potable reuse in the context of the risks of a vironmental risks associated with the purposeful use conventional drinking water supply derived from a of reclaimed water for ecological enhancement.
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motivation for water reuse, reclaimed water rates are W hen large nonpotable reuse customers are located
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specific requirements for treatment or monitoring when Scientifically supportable risk-based federal source water consists mainly of municipal wastewater regulations for nonpotable water reuse would provide effluent. Presently, many potable reuse projects include uniform nationwide minimum acceptable standards a dditional controls (e.g., advanced treatment and of health protection and could facilitate broader increased monitoring)
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nonpotable reuse and modifications to the structure or implementation of the SDWA for potable reuse RESEARCH NEEDS projects, would ensure a high level of public health protection for both planned and de facto reuse and The committee identified 14 water reuse research increase public confidence in water reuse. Additionally, priorities that are not currently being addressed in a improved coordination among federal and nonfederal major way.
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