Water Reuse Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012) / Chapter Skim
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7 Evaluating the Risks of Potable Reuse in Context
7 Evaluating the Risks of Potable Reuse in Context
Pages 123-132
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From page 123... ...
Army Corps of in potable reuse scenarios should be compared with Engineers on the treatment of an effluent-dominated the quality of conventional drinking waters, which are Potomac River as part of an evaluation of the future assumed safe. Advice on specific tests that might be water supply for Washington, D.C., and it outlined useful in making these comparisons will continue to specific testing procedures for evaluating the treated follow developments in the underlying science, but it water based on the state of science in 1982.
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From page 124... ...
Second, as demonstrated in Chapter 2, the 2, the committee concluded that it would be appropricommittee concludes that de facto reuse (i.e., when ate to compare the quality of the water in potable reuse a drinking water source consists of some significant scenarios with the quality of a de facto reuse scenario percentage of treated wastewater effluent from an up- where a conventional water supply has an average anstream discharger) is becoming increasingly common nual wastewater content of 5 percent.
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From page 125... ...
. Potable Reuse Scenarios Considered in the Exemplar Scenario 2: Soil Aquifer Treatment Three hypothetical scenarios were evaluated to compare the relative risk from exposure to pathogens In Scenario 2, a potable aquifer is augmented with and trace organic chemicals in the conventional water reclaimed water via groundwater recharge by surface supply and potable reuse scenarios.
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From page 126... ...
Scenario 2 -- A deep well in an aquifer fed by reclaimed water via a soil aquifer treatment system and (c) Scenario 3 -- A deep well drawing from an aquifer fed by injection of reclaimed water from an advanced water treatment (AWT)
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From page 127... ...
In Scenario 3, a potable aquifer is augmented with advanced-treated wastewater followed by groundwater Contaminants Considered in the Risk Exemplar recharge by direct injection. The advanced treatment train includes secondary treatment with chloramina- The committee considered a broad cross section tion, followed by microfiltration, reverse osmosis, and of common pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, advanced oxidation using UV irradiation in combina- as well as regulated and nonregulated trace organic tion with hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2)
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From page 128... ...
The assumptions in the exemplar concerning the Potential adverse health effects associated with fate, transport, and removal of the pathogens and trace organic chemicals in drinking water are an im chemicals considered in each scenario of the exemplar portant concern among stakeholders and the public. are discussed in detail in Appendix A
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From page 129... ...
treatment trains (see Chapter 5) , potable reuse systems bitmapped can provide protection from trace organic contaminants comparable to what the public experiences in many drinking water supplies today.
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From page 130... ...
For example, the presence of a water supply derived from a surface water that receives chemical manufacturing facility in the service area of a a small percentage of treated wastewater. By means of wastewater utility being used for potable reuse would this analysis, termed a risk exemplar, the committee dictate scrutiny of chemicals that might be discharged compared the estimated risks of a common drinking to the sanitary sewer.
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From page 131... ...
. State-of-the-art water cals deserve special attention in water reuse projects because they represent a more serious human health risk treatment trains for potable reuse should be adequate than do pharmaceuticals and personal care products, to address the concerns of microbial contamination given their lower margins of safety.
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