Water Reuse Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012) / Chapter Skim
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8 Ecological Enhancement via Water Reuse
8 Ecological Enhancement via Water Reuse
Pages 133-144
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From page 133... ...
describe water reuse include river and wetland habitat creation methods for assessing ecological risks from a historical and augmentation of existing water sources for the and state-of-the-science perspective, and (3) recomexpress purpose of improving conditions for aquatic mend future research needs in the area of water reuse biota.
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From page 134... ...
For instance, there have been recent the planned toxicity testing was initiated because of general concern about the economic feasibility of the larger ecological reports of treated wastewater causing severe lesions and restoration project (Jim Ferguson, Miami Dade County Water developmental alterations in amphibians, which are and Sewer Department, personal communication, 2011)
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From page 135... ...
. EPA has national water quality guidelines to protect aquatic life for most Metals metals, but site-specific parameters may need be con sidered for ecological applications of reclaimed water Trace metals (cadmium, copper, etc)
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From page 136... ...
When considering the sensitiv Dissolved oxygen is an important parameter for ity of human and aquatic organisms to trace organic aquatic life and is related to various water quality compounds detected in reclaimed water, it is important parameters including temperature. As temperature to note that aquatic organisms are generally as sensiincreases in a water body, dissolved oxygen decreases.
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From page 137... ...
One of the current limitations in evaluating the ecological risk of trace organics relates to the amount APPROACHES FOR ASSESSING of ecotoxicity data available. For many trace organics, ECOLOGICAL RISKS OF few data are available to make a reliable assessment RECLAIMED WATER of risk.
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From page 138... ...
Single Chemical Risk Assessment The ecological risk assessment (ERA) process is adapted from and is not dissimilar to the human The environmental safety of chemicals is most ofhealth risk assessment process described in Chapter 6.
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From page 139... ...
indicating that adverse environmental effects are not expected A single chemical risk assessment approach is in surface waters augmented with reclaimed water. used for most trace organic chemicals, including phar- The potential environmental risk can also be estimated using the mammalian model screening approach (Huggett maceuticals and personal care products (see Box 8-4 et al., 2003)
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From page 140... ...
or a bio- The WET testing program in the United States accumulation factor (BAF) > 1,000 (i.e., concentration was implemented to protect water bodies from pointin organisms 1,000× greater than water or food)
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has expanded available toxicity c ontent reduced by various wastewater treatment testing alternatives, including in vivo biomarkers or in technologies. vitro bioassays.
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are applied. Trace organic chemicals have raised some conto ecological risk should also increase, so that the po cerns with ecological enhancement projects, because tential benefits and any issues associated with the reuse aquatic organisms can be more sensitive to trace application can be identified.
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From page 143... ...
may suggest a more orous analysis of ecological risks before proceeding sophisticated testing program, involving field-based with ecological enhancement projects with reclaimed testing combined with lab-based bioassays.
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