Water Reuse Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012) / Chapter Skim
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11 Research Needs
11 Research Needs
Pages 193-202
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From page 193... ...
stantially in parts of the country with limited water resources, a systematic analysis of the contribution of municipal wastewater effluent to potable water supplies RESEARCH PRIORITIES has not been made in the United States for over 30 In the committee's review of a wide range of issues years. The lack of such data impedes efforts to identify affecting the application of nonpotable and potable the significance and potential health impacts of de facto reuse, the committee did not identify any technologi- water reuse.
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From page 194... ...
It would be expensive and time-consuming potable and nonpotable water reuse compared with other to conduct batteries of in vitro and in vivo toxicity stud water supply sources to enhance water management decision ies on all of the different chemicals in reclaimed water. making.
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From page 195... ...
worldwide and in the United States and public concern over chemical contamination of 6. Quantify the nonmonetized costs and benefits of public and private water supplies, the ability of the potable and nonpotable water reuse compared with other public health sector and the research community to water supply sources to enhance water management attribute disease to water consumption remains prob- decision making.
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From page 196... ...
10. Develop a better understanding of pathogen removal Recent research has shown that engineered barriers efficiencies and the variability of performance in various can provide equivalent or superior levels of protection unit processes and multibarrier treatment and develop compared with some environmental buffers currently ways to optimize these processes.
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From page 197... ...
are needed that core elements of the infrastructure that embeds both could be used to assess the performance of individual water and wastewater treatment, storage, and conveywater reclamation processes. Indicators are individual ance were developed and designed during a time of inchemicals or microorganisms that represent the char- expensive energy, smaller urban populations, and little acteristics of other trace organic contaminants or appreciation of the need for aquatic habitat protection microorganisms of concern, particularly their removal and control of greenhouse gas emissions (Daigger, through the specific process(es)
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From page 198... ...
. At present, as discussed in Chapter 10, scope of the committee's charge, there are several im- the federal presence is primarily directed toward reguportant questions based on future population scenarios lation of wastewater discharges, injection of reclaimed and future water and wastewater infrastructure designs, water, and regulation of drinking water.
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From page 199... ...
program has distributed grants for research on minimizing described in Chapter 10, EPA supports research on food safety hazards, understanding pharmaceuticals analytical methods, monitoring, and treatment efficacy and hormones in agricultural production, impacts of and conducts extensive data analysis on the occurrence reclaimed water on plants and soils, treatment methof contaminants. It supports research to understand the ods to prevent impacts to soils, and long-term effects human health and environmental effects of endocrine of irrigating with reclaimed water.
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From page 200... ...
Specific plants and may practice nonpotable reuse to maximize to municipal wastewater reuse, DOE is conducting their available water resources. research on the technical issues associated with using reclaimed wastewater for power plant cooling, on costs NGO-Sponsored Research and benefits of various levels of reclaimed water treatment, and analyses of ongoing use of reclaimed water WateReuse Research Foundation for this purpose.
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From page 201... ...
Funded research salination Task Force, an alliance of the USBR, Sandia topics have included disinfection guidelines for water National Laboratories, and research organizations with reuse, the fate and transport of trace organic contami- interests in desalination and water reuse, was used to nants, subsurface transport of bacteria and viruses, and pool research funding toward longer term research use of bioassays and monitoring to assess trace con- investments, improving coordination, and reducing taminant removal in water reuse.3 redundancy, although the group is not as active as it once was. The Global Water Research Coalition Water Environment Research Foundation (GWRC)
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From page 202... ...
. Thus far, SWAQ has not been that could be built upon is the Joint Water Reuse and used to coordinate federal efforts on reuse research, Desalination Task Force.
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