Water Reuse Potential for Expanding the Nation's Water Supply Through Reuse of Municipal Wastewater (2012) / Chapter Skim
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5 Ensuring Water Quality in Water Reclamation
5 Ensuring Water Quality in Water Reclamation
Pages 87-100
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From page 87... ...
Four elements -- monitoring, attenuation, retention, and blending -- are As with conventional drinking water supplies, typically embedded into the design of both nonpotable water quality monitoring for potable water reuse is and potable reuse schemes to ensure a reclaimed water composed of a combination of online monitoring quality that is suitable for the desired use at all times devices (e.g., filter effluent turbidity, chlorine residual, (see Figure 5-1)
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From page 88... ...
taminant attenuation and for water to be diverted from Recently, a monitoring approach with similar comthe distribution system if water quality problems are ponents has been proposed for management of trace detected. However, significant water retention is often organic chemicals in potable reuse schemes (Drewes et not cost-effective for potable reuse projects.
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From page 89... ...
. Acute health effects reclaimed water used for potable applications to be from exposure to organic chemicals in drinking water more comprehensive than programs commonly used for monitoring water quality for conventional drinking Contaminant Contaminant water supplies.
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From page 90... ...
For advanced disinfection, which addresses acute risks, is the process treatment processes that demineralize reclaimed water element that requires the highest degree of reliability and remove trace chemicals, it may be necessary to balfor applications involving significant human contact. ance the water chemistry by blending after treatment In the case of pathogens in potable reuse projects, for public health concerns (e.g., absence of magnesium the performance expectation is that the overall objec- and calcium)
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From page 91... ...
science required to design for uniform protection from For potable reuse projects implemented through one environmental buffer to the next is not available. groundwater recharge, blending or dilution of re - Accordingly, although the committee does view claimed water with water deemed not to be of waste- environmental buffers as useful elements of design that water origin can occur before application or in aquifers.
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From page 92... ...
Expansion of the definition of reliability to • Case Study 3 (Figure 5-5) represents a ground- include the probability that the plant will be nonfuncwater recharge scenario using a combination of engi- tional at any given time requires an evaluation of plant neered natural treatment systems with advanced engi- operational reliability, separate from reclaimed water neered unit processes for drinking water augmentation, quality variability.
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From page 93... ...
used for groundwater recharge of reclaimed water. NOTE: Residential source control could include voluntary programs to reduce the discharge of potentially problematic chemicals.
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From page 94... ...
used for surface spreading of reclaimed water followed by soil aquifer treatment. Strategies for Incorporating Reliability into System water need to incorporate deliberate strategies to ensure Operation reliable operation.
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From page 95... ...
Monitoring FIGURE 5-5 Case Study 3: Potable reuse design elements (including attenuation, retention, and blending) used for riverbank filtration of reclaimed water followed by softening, advanced oxidation, and carbon adsorption.
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From page 96... ...
The development of efficiencies, and a sufficient number of removal credits the U.S. Surface Water Treatment Rule under the Safe needed to be in place depending on an initial program Drinking Water Act (SDWA; 40 CFR Parts 141-142)
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From page 97... ...
The approach adopted in these guidelines for chemical taminants likely to be found in wastewaters and the parameters is based on approaches and guideline values out lined in the Australian Drinking Water Guidelines. The potable relative effectiveness of the various treatment processes reuse guidelines also describe an approach, using thresholds in reducing microbial and chemical contaminants con of toxicological concern, for addressing chemicals without centrations.
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From page 98... ...
However, with possible human contact should include redundant research during the past decade on the performance of barriers for pathogens that cause waterborne diseases. several full-scale advanced water treatment operations Potable reuse systems should employ diverse processes indicates that some engineered systems can perform as that can function as barriers for many types of chemi- well or better than some existing environmental buffers cals, considering the wide range of physicochemical in diluting (if necessary)
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From page 99... ...
is not productive potable water reuse projects. However, environmental from a technical perspective because the terms are not buffers are not essential elements to achieve quality linked to product water quality.
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