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1 Introduction
Pages 3-16

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From page 3...
... The Atomic Energy Act signed into law in 1954 established the national laboratories, many on university campuses across the United States. As a result, the field of nuclear and radiochemistry developed from the study of the fundamental physical and chemical properties of radioactivity, which had mainly been applied in national defense, to applications in a range of areas, including cancer treatment, electricity production, and study of the impacts of large-scale events such as the use of nuclear weapons at the end of World War II.
From page 4...
... , defines nuclear chemistry as follows: There is no universally accepted definition for the term "nuclear chemistry." For purposes of our text we regard nuclear chemistry in its broadest context as an interdisciplinary subject with roots in phys ics, biology, and chemistry. The basic aspects include among others (i)
From page 5...
... , who, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, "conduct research on nuclear engineering projects or apply principles and theory of nuclear science to problems concerned with release, control, and use of nuclear energy and nuclear waste disposal" (BLS 2010)
From page 6...
... electricity Energy breeder reactor from nuclear energy from nuclear energy generates electricity 1901 1943 1974 2006 Nuclear Henri Alexandre Danlos Nobel Prize in Chemistry Positron emission transaxial About 395 million radiological Medicine and Eugene Bloch placed to de Hevesy for the use tomographic (PETT) imaging and nuclear medicine radium in contact with of isotopes as tracers device introduced by Michael procedures performed in a tuberculous skin lesion Phelps and industry colleagues the United States 1896 1911 1939 1951 1988 2009 Discovery of Nobel Prize in Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Chemistry NAS Report DNDO National radioactivity by Chemistry to Marie to Lawrence for to Edwin McMillan and Forensics Henri Becquerel Curie for discovery of inventing cyclotron Seaborg for chemistry of Expertise Development radium and polonium transuranium elements Program established 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 1903 1937 1978 1984 2004 Education Nobel Prize in Physics Glenn Seaborg receives ACS Committee on Training First ACS/DOE Nuclear NSAC Report and Training to Becquerel and Curies PhD in nuclear chemistry of Nuclear and Radiochemists Chemistry Summer from University of notes decline in nuclear and School established California at Berkeley radiochemistry faculty and students 1945 1979 1986 2011 Nuclear WWII – Hiroshima Three Mile Island Chernobyl Fukushima Incidents and Nagasaki Earthquake FIGURE 1-1 Milestones in Nuclear and Radiochemistry.
From page 7...
... . In a March 2011 poll, 57 percent of Americans said they favor using nuclear power as a source of electricity even in the wake of the 2011 earthquake in Japan and its impacts on the Fukushima Daiichi power plant (Jones 2011)
From page 8...
... . Shortly thereafter, a National Research Council workshop report on Training Requirements for Chemists in Nuclear Medicine, Nuclear Industry, and Related Areas (NRC 1988)
From page 9...
... Much of the chemistry involved in separating actinides, preparing reagents for nuclear medicine, and removing radioactive materials from the environment requires knowledge of synthetic, analytical, and other aspects of chemistry, informa 250 Nuclear chemistry Number of Earned Doctorate Degrees Nuclear physics 200 Nuclear engineering 150 100 50 0 1950 1953 1956 1959 1962 1965 1968 1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 Academic Year FIGURE 1-2 Number of Ph.D.s per year in selected nuclear science and engineering disciplines, 1950–2007. 1-2.eps NOTE: Survey of Earned Doctorates stopped counting nuclear chemistry degrees after 2003.
From page 10...
... , and, as with engineering and physics degree holders, expertise in this area cannot simply be filled in by the larger number of degree holders in chemistry, because most chemistry courses and laboratory work do not typically include the specialized knowledge in nuclear reactions and decay modes, chemical reactions and chemical properties of radioactive elements and isotopes, or radiolytic processes caused by ionizing radiation produced by nuclear processes. Chemistry was included in a report of the DOE/NSF Nuclear Science Advisory Committee, Education in Nuclear Science (DOE/NSF 2004)
From page 11...
... In addition, the Department of Homeland Security's Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) has been leading a joint effort with DOE, DOD, and others to support the nuclear science expertise pipeline and provide a stable foundation to cultivate and maintain a highly qualified technical nuclear forensics (TNF)
From page 12...
... This report answers these questions by building on past efforts to assess needs in nuclear and radiochemistry and nuclear science and engineering more broadly, and by providing new insights on the unique needs and trends for nuclear and radiochemistry. To accomplish its task, the committee collected new information from guest speakers (Appendix C)
From page 13...
... Employment classification: Because nuclear and radiochemists are not classified by the SOC, the Bureau of Labor Statistics does not track employment or make projections in these areas. They are treated as a part of the broader occupation of chemists, nuclear technicians, nuclear medicine technologists, or nuclear power plant operators.
From page 14...
... 2012a. Nobel Prize in Physics 1903: Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie.
From page 15...
... 1993. Future challenges in nuclear science education.


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