Assuring a Future U.S.-Based Nuclear and Radiochemistry Expertise (2012) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 Academic Basic Research and Education
3 Academic Basic Research and Education
Pages 31-48
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 31... ...
Basic research in the nuclear and radiochemistry field supports the numerous and varied applications of the discipline. For example, a list of 14 grand challenges identified by a committee of the National Academy of Engineering in 2008 (NAE 2008)
|
From page 32... ...
that can bring attomole sensitivity to pharmacokinetic measurements within a patient. • New radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals for therapeutic ap plications in cancer research are needed that will allow more specific targeting of individual cancer cells when combined with next-generation drug delivery systems.
|
From page 33... ...
Homeland Security • Additional nuclear forensics techniques are needed that will allow for rapid and more precise post-detonation detection and source attribution with microscopic samples that are often widely dispersed geographically. • Novel methods to detect illicit transport of radioactive materials on a global scale need to be developed as well as sophisticated remote detection of nuclear activities.
|
From page 34... ...
This includes both experimental meth ods development as well as significant theoretical development in f-shell element modeling. • Fuel recycling and reprocessing will require new and improved advanced separations technologies in complex environments, espe cially with respect to actinide elements (example shown in Figure 3-2)
|
From page 35... ...
Broadening the definitions of nuclear and radiochemistry to encompass and engage academic interests beyond traditional boundaries would in general infuse the discipline with new scientists that can help address personnel shortfalls. An example of networking interdisciplinary academic scientists in actinide research has occurred in Europe with the formation of ACTINET-I3, the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative for Actinide Science (ACTINET 2012)
|
From page 36... ...
, the solution changes color from blue to dark orange (D; red trace)
|
From page 37... ...
These academic research programs provide a critical role in graduate-level education for those who will become future faculty members in academia and staff at national laboratories, as well as undergraduate education for the bulk of the nuclear and radiochemistry scientific workforce, which is especially important for industries such as nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, and environmental monitoring. At the start of this study, there was no comprehensive up-to-date listing of nuclear and radiochemistry academic research programs.
|
From page 38... ...
80 70 3 2 3 60 4 7 7 Estimated Number of Faculty 6 6 New in 2011 2 4 7 2 50 1 2 New in 2009 6 3 1 New in 2007 2 6 40 66 New in 2005 1 2 60 53 New in 2003 30 New in 2001 43 41 Existing in 1999 36 29 20 Emeritus 10 8 7 7 7 6 6 6 0 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Year FIGURE 3-4 Total reported number of existing and new nuclear and radiochemistry faculty at U.S. graduate 3-4.eps institutions.
|
From page 39... ...
. The committee gathered further information about faculty advisors identified on the 2008 DNCT list.
|
From page 40... ...
Nuclear Chemistry and Radiochemistry Graduate Programs Identified by ACS DNCT in 2008 Number Number of Nuclear of Nuclear Chemistry advisee Chemistry Ph.D. theses Faculty in completed University Home Department 2008*
|
From page 41... ...
. Figure 3-6 shows the number of nuclear and radiochemistry faculty advisors from the 2008 DNCT list and the number of advisee Ph.D.
|
From page 42... ...
Because all isotopes of the actinides are radioactive, actinide chemistry is also an appropriate component of nuclear chemistry and radiochemistry courses and textbooks. The committee also performed a web search to identify nuclear and radiochemistry programs and course offerings at the 25 top ranked chemistry departments (for determination of rankings, see NRC 2011)
|
From page 43... ...
Nuclear and University R adiochemistry Texas A&M University Multiple active research faculty, CHEM 102 Fundamentals of Chemistry II (first three undergraduate courses year program) ; CHEM 464 Nuclear Chemistry; CHEM 474 Experimental Nuclear and R adiochemistry University of California, Multiple research faculty, two CHEM 143 Nuclear Chemistry Berkeley undergraduate courses, and one CHEM 146 Chemical Methods in Nuclear graduate course Technology CHEM 243 Advanced Nuclear Structure and Reactions University of North One undergraduate course 073 First-Year Seminar: From Atomic Bombs Carolina, Chapel Hill to Cancer Treatments: The Broad Scope of Nuclear Chemistry University of Washington, Two undergraduate courses CHEM 410 Radiochemistry Laboratory Seattle CHEM 418 Nuclear Chemistry SOURCE: Program information and course titles were identified by searching available department websites and university course listings.
|
From page 44... ...
completion survey for ASSURING A FUTURE U.S.-BASED NUCLEAR AND RADIOCHEMISTRY EXPERTISE National Science Foundation population survey specific academic institutions, by level of degree and detailed standardized academic discipline (NSF 2012)
|
From page 45... ...
. Other early-stage academic pipeline initiatives in related areas have been established more recently, including a Nuclear Forensics Undergraduate Summer School; and are listed in Tables 9-2 and 9-3.
|
From page 46... ...
. • The total number of nuclear and radiochemistry faculty remained at around 60 from 2005 to 2011 (Figure 3-1)
|
From page 47... ...
Thus, there is no comprehensive and complete data source regarding nuclear and radiochemistry workforce from which to draw data on a routine basis. The lack of a consistent basis set of data makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of various programs attempting to address academic pipeline issues, since it is harder to quantify, make comparisons, and interpret trends.
|
From page 48... ...
1997. The American Chemical Society's Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology's Summer Schools in Nuclear and Radiochemistry.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.