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Appendix D Assessments of Three Areas of Emerging S&T
Pages 19-36

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From page 19...
... , transformation optics, negative refractive index materials, engineered materials, cloaking, superlenses; Plasmonics and nanophotonics are related areas. Some types of metamaterials: photonic MMs, acoustic MMs, tunable MMs, switchable MMs, bi-isotropic and bianisotropic MMs, chiral MMs, resonator MMs.
From page 20...
... Smith are viewed as the early innovators in MMs. Victor Veselago predicted negative index of refraction in 1967; Pendry developed two structures, one that controlled microwave permeability, and one that controlled microwave permittivity, in the late 1990s; and Smith demonstrated negative refractive index in 2000.
From page 21...
... Metamaterial Integration into Devices – The successful development of devices requires an indepth evaluation of existing technology. Entry points for metamaterial structures and components into existing technologies can be subtle, and require the fusion of traditional engineering methods with emerging metamaterial designs and structures.
From page 22...
... VIII. References The following is a list of the most highly cited papers published between 2005-2011 (October 2011)
From page 23...
... 2007. "Negative refractive index at optical wavelengths." Science 315(5808)
From page 24...
... IV. Researchers with High Citation and Publication Counts "Semiconductors and 3D Integration" Researchers: High Citation Counts The following is a list of lead authors of the most highly cited papers published between 20052011 (October 2011)
From page 25...
... . "Power Density and Microprocessors" Researchers: High Citation Counts The following is a list of lead authors of the most highly cited papers published between 20052011 (October 2011)
From page 26...
... "Multicore" Researchers: High Publication Count The following is a list of the most highly published authors between 2005-2011 (October 2011) containing the term "Multicore" in the title, abstract, or keywords, according to SciVerse Scopus.46 The number of citations is indicated in parentheses.
From page 27...
... According to "Moore's Law,"48 silicon technology density must double every 18 months in order to maintain technical and financial viability across the semiconductor industry. This anticipation has proved essentially correct over a six order magnitude range in device densities and a four decade long period of semiconductor achievements.
From page 28...
... Autonomic real time tuning of operation, if rendered as effective as manual tuning, is a viable avenue to extract significant performance gains, and opens the door to countless other autonomic software functions. Other relevant areas include quantum computing,50 hybrid materials, and autonomic dispatch mechanisms51 for algorithmic workloads to generic accelerators.
From page 29...
... The following is a list of the most highly cited papers published between 2005-2011 (October 2011) containing the terms "Multicore" in the title, abstract, or keywords.
From page 30...
... The following is a list of the most highly cited papers published between 2005-2011 (October 2011) containing the phrases "Power Density" and "Microprocessor" in the title, abstract, or keywords.
From page 31...
... 2005. "A self-driven soft-switching regulator for future microprocessors." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 20(4)
From page 32...
... Currently, our understanding of the biology prevents achievement of the goal e.g.,, control of gene expression and of protein synthesis are still being explored on a single gene basis and are poorly understood on a genome basis. However, major technical advances in the speed and associated cost of DNA synthesis and sequencing, and decreases in the cost of molecular biology equipment have resulted in two parallel and sometimes intertwined research communities manipulating genes in small numbers (genetic engineering)
From page 33...
... The first example of commercially applied genetic engineering was the production of insulin by bacteria in 1979.55 Subsequently, the molecular biology tools of DNA synthesis, sequencing, and replication were used for a variety of purposes from the production of enzymes for dying and for softening blue jeans (Genencor) , to medicines (biotech and most pharma companies)
From page 34...
... Synthetic biology on a designed genome scale will require large scale experiments and analysis to build foundational knowledge of control of gene expression. Today experiments are conducted on single genes or small numbers; robotics and software to allow larger scale explorations are in development.
From page 35...
... In countries where S&T are on the rise within political systems that tightly control access to information such as China, it would be surprising if a DIY movement could emerge as there would be significant impediments to self-organizing via the internet and to obtaining equipment and reagents without state detection. Both the evolution of synthetic biology worldwide and the promulgation of genetic engineering throughout western societies are worth monitoring.
From page 36...
... 2006. "Domains, motifs, and scaffolds: The role of modular interactions in the evolution and wiring of cell signaling circuits." Annual Review of Biochemistry 75:655-680.


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