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A Technical Analysis of the Common Carrier/User Interconnections Area (1970) / Chapter Skim
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Section 8-- Applicable Experience
Pages 65-74

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From page 65...
... These interconnections are all arranged on a contractual basis with standardized interface arrangements developed by extensive inter-· carrier committees and consultative groups. The Federal Communications Commtsston and forty-nine state regulatory commissions act as referees, or courts of al?
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From page 66...
... The experience o~ inter~carrier interconnection arrangements has applicability to the present study to the extent that two organizations operating on the opposite side of an interconnection inter~ace can perform successfully when both operate to compatible or the same standards and are technically and operationally quali~ied, and when both are similarly motivated to provide e~ficient, economical service with minimum disruption due to interconnection dif~iculties. Connnon regulatory authority assures a degree of connnon motivation Of all telephone carriers.
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From page 67...
... The user has extensive procedures and facilities for monitoring the nature of the signals introduced by it into the carrier network. It has also established rigorous preventive maintenance procedures with about sixty maintenance men and thirty fully-equipped maintenance trucks constantly visiting and checking facilities throughout the United States.
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From page 68...
... carriers varies~,bothbecause of the widely differing circumstances· under which different foreign carriers operate and.the1ag in the· development of pressures for the.use ·of the carrier networks for manynon~te1ephone purposes, In general, the carriers in the developed industrial countries have a monopoly of telecommunications services, This is achieved by the carriers, either being a ministry of government -- as in the case of the Bundespost and the PIT's in various countries ~- or a chosen instrument governmentchartered corporation, such as the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph Public Corporation or the British Post Office Corporation. The ~tent of the monopoly varies but, in general, it is quite complete and to challenge it is, in effect, to challenge the government.
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From page 69...
... Experience with Extra~LegalInterconnections Prior experience with unauthorized interconnection has given some indication of problems that might develop with formal arrangements for interconnection of user-provided equipment Without some protective interface between customer-owned and customer~maintained equipment and the carrier facilities. Amateur radio operators have long used "phone patches" for connecting amateur radio telephone stations to the switched network in order to permit their friends to communicate with distant parties through amateur radio.
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From page 70...
... In this case, the holding time per call on the ",:e'erminals Was approximately ten times the holding time on regular business telephone lines. A number of other specific examples were cited by this connnission.
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From page 71...
... organizations providing peripheral devices like punchedccard readers and punches, high-speed printers, tape handlers, and disc handlers to customers in competition with computer main-frallle lIlanufacturers. Interconnection of these attachments raised grave concerns among the' computer main-frame manufacturers.
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From page 72...
... These systems are operated without additional complex interface devices between the user and the carrier facilities, Experience with Government 'Networks and Equipment The largest single class of interconnected communications systems and terminals in the United States are those of U.S. Government agencies -the largest being the Department of Defense.
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From page 73...
... , a GSA administered record-connnunications system leased from Western Union, provides these services for government agencies other than the DoD. PrefEirEintial'TreatmEintb~'CommonCarrier Because of the nature of government requirements, particularly those associated with national security activities, the space program, and other critical government activities, the carriers have afforded the government special treatment in regard to interconnection, such as the use of customer-provided equipment and the provision of special teleconnnunications arrangements to meet unique requirements.
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From page 74...
... that DoD interconnection of user-owned and maintained equipment with the Bell System accounts for a disproportionate share of the troubles in te:rillinal eqiIipments and transmission arising through interconnection. Conclusions The teview of the practices of certain foreign carriers and the experience of U.S.·carriers with interconnections provides many lessons germane to therecilmmendations of the study Panel.
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Key Terms

  • interconnection arrangements
  • foreign carriers
  • telephone companies
  • interface devices
  • message telephone

  • regulatory commissions
  • amateur radio
  • magnetic tape
  • independent telephone
  • interconnection interface

  • telephone service
  • telephone carriers
  • telegraph services
  • switched network
  • foreign attachments

  • defense communications
  • common carriers
  • preventive maintenance
  • carrier networks
  • public message

  • office corporation
  • control centers
  • holding time
  • television program
  • chosen instrument

  • peripheral device
  • voice network
  • telephone interconnection
  • public telephone
  • communications carriers


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