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5 Knowledge to Action
Pages 89-104

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From page 89...
... called for "improv[ing] structure planners in coastal communities, for example, predictions" and improving understanding of social need reliable projections of polar influences such as the processes, in particular those "that shape the resilience impacts of glacier and ice sheet mass loss on sea level and sustainability of circumpolar human societies." In rise and of the warming Arctic on continental winter addition, the IPY Joint Committee ( JC)
From page 90...
... The foundation al., 2010; Velicogna, 2009) -- otherwise highlighted in for this focus was laid years earlier under the scientificChapter 3 -- show that large changes to global sea level community-inspired "Study of Environmental Arctic rise are possible in response to global warming.
From page 91...
... is important directly to shrinkage of the Greenland ice The voices of polar residents recorded prior to and dursheet and sea level rise but also contributes indirectly ing IPY expressed the message of urgency and the call by providing more melt water to lubricate the interface for action. Several IPY studies undertaken in human between the ice and bedrock on which it rests, causing health, community vulnerability, food security, and the ice to flow faster toward the sea.
From page 92...
... Predictions of the annual minimum arctic sea ice areal extent, compiled from numerous sources, are provided monthly (June through October) as a forum to facilitate communication among sea ice researchers and provide information to stakeholders, including Arctic residents, federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and industry.
From page 93...
... was network in the Bering Strait region, Sea Ice for Walrus the U.S.-led IPY coordinating project introduced via Outlook SIWO4 (Eicken et al., 2011) , was developed the Arctic Council with the overall goal to increase by ice scientists in partnership with the Eskimo Wal awareness and visibility of human health concerns rus Commission and several local village monitors; of Arctic peoples, foster human health research, and SIWO uses high-resolution satellite images, analysis of promote health strategies to improve health and wellweather and ice patterns, and observations from local being of Arctic residents.
From page 94...
... informing policymakers on issues of Arctic security and The Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment (Arctic climate change, Arctic health, Arctic Ocean shipping, Council, 2009) , prepared during IPY, concluded that and human security in a changing Arctic.
From page 95...
... 95 KNOWLEDGE TO ACTION FIGURE 5.1 Top: The tourist ship Explorer capsized near the Antarctic Peninsula in November 2007. SOURCE: Fuerza Aerea de Chile via European Pressphoto Agency; Bottom: The Antarctic tourist ship Clelia II without power and making slow headway north of the South Shetland Islands in rough seas during December 2010.
From page 96...
... due to informed emergency preparedness and response mech the uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide has been termed anismsnd will continue to do so. Effective emergency "ocean acidification." Given the scenarios for pH changes in the preparedness and response will have to draw on data Arctic Ocean and adjacent Arctic shelves seas, there will likely from both research and operational observing systems be an increasing impact by ocean acidification, with potentially developed during IPY, with high demands placed on negative implications for shelled benthic organisms as well as those animals that rely on the shelf seafloor ecosystem with data availability and spatiotemporal resolution during consequent impacts to the fishing industry such as crab fishing.
From page 97...
... . The USGS estimated that the Arctic accounts ubiquitous throughout the high northern latitudes for about 13 percent of the undiscovered oil, 30 percent and that new approaches are required for construction of the undiscovered natural gas, and 20 percent of the in ice-rich environments.
From page 98...
... Colder permafrost sites are which are now commonly used in Northern Canada, warming more rapidly."6 New construction techniques Alaska, and Siberia. By 2050, inland regions of the are being developed to passively cool roadbeds in ice- Arctic, now accessible through seasonally constructed rich permafrost terrain to maintain thermal stability ice roads, may become inaccessible (Stephenson et al., and structural integrity (Xu and Goering, 2008)
From page 99...
... Understanding of the projections for ice-free Arctic summers, rising sea level, continental shelf and its relationship to the surround- and increased need for disaster response in the Arctic ing seas is required under the Law of the Sea Treaty, led to U.S. Navy and Coast Guard planning for Arctic which allows the Arctic rim countries, including the conditions that are unlike those of past decades (Arctic United States, Canada, Denmark, Norway, and Rus- Council, 2009)
From page 100...
... , a major international document that folmoving forward a new United Nations declaration on lowed on the heels of the IGY years, has been periodithe Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act.11 UN Resolu- cally updated, and a variety of new initiatives that link tion 61/295 adopted in September 2007 identifies the policy with the environment were advanced at several declaration as an international standard of achievement Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings during the IPY to be pursued in a spirit of partnership and mutual time frame, specifically the ATCM XXXII in Baltirespect, with 46 articles spanning a large range of rights, more, Maryland (April 2009) , which was the first-ever including self-determination, rights not to be subjected joint meeting of the Arctic Council with the Antarctic to forced assimilation or destruction of culture, rights Treaty Consultative Meeting, and the Antarctic Treaty to participation in decision-making matters that would "Summit" dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the affect their rights, and rights to redress for lands and Antarctic Treaty in December 2009 (Berkman, 1960)
From page 101...
... "rapid ice melt scenario based on accelerated melting Thus IPY contributed to a knowledge base that could of the Greenland and West Antarctic Ice Sheets" in its then be used by others to suit their needs. projection of potential sea level rise.
From page 102...
... IPY produced tangible practical outcomes and acidification trends observed in polar regions have to local stakeholders, such as improved services, flow led many polar scientists to see the need to reduce future of data, improved data management, and monitoring impacts through decreasing the emissions of greenhouse capacities, as well as active outreach programs. gases.
From page 103...
... Look at what's been accomplished: scientists produced de budgets, the events of the past few months show that arctic science no tailed maps of the last unexplored mountain range on Earth, sent robot longer operates in obscurity. In this new era of arctic awareness, it is submarines under the Antarctic Ice Shelf to map the sea beds, drilled incumbent on the members of the research community to be prepared -- deep beneath the sea floor to learn more about the effects of carbon both to maximize the many opportunities the new era brings and to think dioxide on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and shed light on how climate through the policy implications of their work." change affects the microscopic life at the base of our ecosystem.
From page 104...
... Looking tists to addressing real and present issues increases their ahead, further development of two-way communication, effectiveness in connecting knowledge with action, by observing systems, and predictive capability is needed to improving communication skills, influencing research maintain and extend connecting knowledge with action. agendas, and by direct experience of navigating the line At the time of this report-writing, the concluding IPY between communication and advocacy.


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