International Animal Research Regulations Impact on Neuroscience Research: Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Overview
1 Introduction and Overview
Pages 1-6
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These measures are intended to ensure the humane care and use of animals, including the implementation of practical steps to use the smallest number of animals necessary to achieve significant results while minimizing pain and distress. Many animal care and use issues are generic to all types of biomedical research; however, animal regulations have implications specific to neuroscience research.
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As outlined by co-chairs Colin Blakemore, professor of neuroscience at the University of Oxford, and Arthur Sussman, of the University of Chicago Law School, the workshop was designed to • identify and discuss current international animal use regulations; • examine the implications of current policies on the research enter prise, including the impact of disparate policies; • discuss developments in law school curriculums, animal law prac tice, and activity in the courts that may affect the use of animals in research; • explore the reasons for the establishment of specific regulations; and • discuss opportunities for harmonization of regulations and/or the development of global core principles. ANIMAL RESEARCH IN THE NEUROSCIENCES: INTRODUCTION BY COLIN BLAKEMORE As background for the workshop discussions, Blakemore highlighted some of the current issues surrounding the use of animals in neuroscience research.
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This close evolutionary proximity to humans increases scrutiny of the use of non-human primates and raises special concerns, including public attitude about their use, supply issues, and costs. The 2006 Weatherall Report2 concluded that there is scientific justification for the carefully regulated use of non-human primates when there is no other way to address clearly defined questions, including those raised by certain neuroscience studies (MRC, 2006)
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A Framework for Research on Animals Blakemore suggested there is a strong need for a regulatory framework that is ethically secure, consistent, legally strong, and defensible but not so overly burdensome that it impedes scientific progress. Such a framework might include strict requirements for and a commitment to high-quality welfare and good husbandry; good recordkeeping; transparency and accountability; provisions for public engagement; certification of researchers so that their skills are documented and controlled; and a system for approval of individual projects based on cost-benefit analysis.
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ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOP AND REPORT Following the overview of issues presented by Blakemore, the workshop considered current and emerging international regulations governing animal research and the impact of legal trends, including animal rights laws, Freedom of Information requests, and state "sunshine laws," on the use of animals in research (Chapters 2 and 3)
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: Non-human primates continue to be used in biomedical research, including neuroscience research. Such studies complement in vitro studies, in silico modeling, human brain imaging, and parallel investigations in rodents and other species.
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