Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms
Appendix C: Glossary and Acronyms
Pages 63-76
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From page 63... ...
_ where de is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to matter of mass d m; thus .
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From page 64... ...
AU Astronomical unit. background radiation The radiation to which a member of the population is exposed from natural sources, composed of terrestrial radiation due to naturally occurring radionuclides in the soil and building material, cosmic radiation originating in outer space, and naturally occurring radionuclides in the human body.
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From page 65... ...
collective effective For a specified group of individuals: the sum of individual effective doses from a specified dose source within a specified time period. Unit: j/kg; special name used for unit: person-Sv.
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From page 66... ...
dose rate effectiveness The factor by which the effect per unit dose caused by a specific type of radiation changes factor (DREF) at low doses or low dose rates (protracted or fractionated delivery of dose)
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From page 67... ...
population. Also termed "attributable risk" or "risk difference." excess relative risk The rate of disease in an exposed population divided by the rate of disease in an unex (ERR)
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From page 68... ...
gamma radiation Also gamma rays; short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation originating from the decay of radioactive nuclei, from bremsstrahlung, and from cosmic sources. GCR Galactic cosmic ray.
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From page 69... ...
for ionizing uncharged particles (photons, neutrons) is the quotient of the mean sum of the initial kinetic energies of all charged particles liberated in a unit mass of a material by the uncharged particles incident on that mass.
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low-LET radiation X rays and gamma rays, charged particles, such as electrons or high-energy protons that produce low ionization density (e.g., L < 10 keV/μm)
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normal distribution The so-called bell-shaped curve of randomly distributed quantities; also referred to as a "Gaussian distribution." NS Never-smoker. NSRL NASA Space Radiation Laboratory.
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proportional mortality The ratio of the percentage of a specific cause of death among all deaths in the population ratio being studied divided by the comparable percentage in a standard population. protraction The spreading out of a radiation dose over time by continuous delivery at a lower dose rate.
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From page 73... ...
relative risk coefficient is the fractional increase above the baseline incidence or mortality rate per unit dose. risk estimate The increment of the incidence or mortality rate projected to occur in a specified exposed population per unit dose for a specified exposure regime and expression period.
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From page 74... ...
This is a stochastic quantity as opposed to its average, the absorbed dose, D The mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to a medium per unit mass.
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From page 75... ...
The weighted dose equals the gamma-ray absorbed dose to a specified organ plus the neutron absorbed dose mul tiplied by a weighting factor that has usually been set equal to 10 in the analyses by RERF (see RERF)
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