Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation (2012) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-14
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From page 9... ...
The serious early and late radiation health effects potentially posed by these exposures are equally varied, ranging from early signs of radiation sickness to cancer induction. Other possible effects include central nervous system damage, cataracts, cardiovascular damage, heritable effects, impaired wound healing, and infertility.
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. Thus, the intent is that this introductory chapter describe a generalized approach to risk estimation and to the development of nominal risk coefficients as a starting point for the specific discussions of NASA's proposed model, which is applicable to a specific subgroup of the population.
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. For its proposed model, NASA also developed an assessment of the uncertainty in the NCRP model risk coefficients that took into account errors in low-LET human radioepidemiology data, dose and dose rate effectiveness factors, radiation quality factors, and space physics.
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The committee's review of NASA's proposed model considers each component of the revised approach and the model as a whole in the context of how it addresses its task of developing dose limits for astronauts conduct ing space explorations and thereby providing adequate protection against radiation-induced cancer. The model is composed of the following components: Space Radiation Environmental and Transport Models, Cancer Risk Projections for Low-LET Radiation, Uncertainties in Low-LET Risk Model Factors, Cancer Risks and Radiation Quality, and Revised NASA Risk Projections for Cancer Risks and Uncertainties.
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From page 13... ...
Therefore, in addition to a discussion of possible improvements to NASA's proposed model itself, the committee has included numerous suggestions in this report for additions and improvements to the 2011 NASA report that describes the proposed model. As noted throughout this report, the committee also relied heavily on an extensive list of pertinent reference resources in the form of journal publications and past reports produced by groups such as the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and the National Research Council.
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2007. Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1998.
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