Communications and Technology for Violence Prevention Workshop Summary (2012) / Chapter Skim
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7 Practical Applications of mPreventViolence
7 Practical Applications of mPreventViolence
Pages 87-128
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From page 87... ...
In the third, fourth, and fifth papers, the authors describe the applicability of ICTs to dating violence, elder abuse, and suicide prevention, respectively. These authors, who had previously not collaborated before, worked together before the workshop to frame breakout discussions on day 2 of the workshop.
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From page 88... ...
As the cycle passes from one generation to the next, society -- as well as the families directly involved -- bear enormous costs, including mounting mental health concerns, increased medical expenses, greater needs for public assistance, and excessive burdens on the criminal justice system. In the United States and other countries, a growing number of homevisiting parenting programs have shown positive results in reducing child maltreatment and enhancing parenting skills in high-risk populations (Olds et al., 2002; Barlow, 2006)
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From page 89... ...
, by using mobile phones for increasing contact between home visits would increase parents' engagement in the intervention, decrease their attrition, and result in greater improvements in their parenting skills compared to parents who received the parenting intervention without mobile phone enhancements. PAT is one component of Project SafeCare, an approach to preventing child maltreatment that has been shown to improve positive parenting practices and parent–child interactions and to reduce challenging child behaviors (Silovsky et al., 2011)
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From page 90... ...
Moreover, this approach using mobile phones can be useful for other home visiting programs with high-risk groups, such as those that seek to improve health outcomes of women who are pregnant or mothers of young infants. Even more broadly, mobile phones can be applied to any intervention in which continuous support from a coach or counselor is important, such as suicide prevention, bullying and youth violence prevention, prevention of intimate partner violence, and prevention of elder abuse.
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From page 91... ...
: A Campaign to Bring Domestic Violence to a Halt. The full report is available at http://www.breakthrough.
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has demonstrated its efficacy in furthering knowledge about domestic violence, changing attitudes and perceptions to ward such violence at the individual and community levels, and bringing about behavior change that challenges violence against women and reduces stigma and discrimination toward women liv ing with HIV/AIDS. At a time when Bell Bajao!
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From page 93... ...
The research pointed to several prevailing social norms: Domestic violence is viewed as a private matter, people resist intervening because of a fear of retaliation, and people are unwilling to get involved in protracted family issues. The prominent finding that men play a central role in intervening in situations of domestic violence led Breakthrough to undertake secondary research on programs that engaged men and boys in various parts of the world to stop violence.
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From page 94... ...
The bell ringer, the domestic violence perpetrator, the woman, and the audience would all be "in the know" about the bell-ringing being a pretext to stop violence. From this concept, a tagline emerged: "Bring domestic violence to a halt.
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From page 95... ...
expanded its online presence in key social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter, where news and views of domestic violence and other women's issues and causes are regularly posted. These social networking sites operated as discussion forums and as traffic generators for the campaign site and blog.
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Government officials that took a public stand on violence against women during the campaign gave legitimacy to the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) of 2005 and signified their willingness to implement it.
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Audience Reach of Video Van The van travels in each of the eight campaign districts of Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka from 10 a.m.
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The evaluation of Bell Bajao! captures how a multimedia campaign, supported by in-depth community mobilization activities, can increase knowledge, change perceptions and attitudes, and mobilize action to reduce domestic violence.
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Secondary data sources Secondary datasets were used to establish the prevalence of domestic violence and violence toward women with HIV/ AIDS. These included data culled from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)
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In-depth interviews CMS has conducted in depth interviews with different Breakthrough partners -- organizational heads, cultural groups, people who travel with the video van -- to ascertain the extent to which Breakthrough partners have taken ownership of the campaign and the issue of domestic violence. The key findings of this study were: • There has been an increase in knowledge and a shift in attitudes and behavior among Breakthrough partners concerning domestic violence and HIV/AIDS issues.
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From page 101... ...
campaign there was greater knowledge and community awareness about the various forms of domestic violence. For exam ple, a significantly higher proportion of respondents expanded the definition of domestic violence beyond physical abuse to include emotional abuse, threats, economic deprivation, and sexual abuse.
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Women are increasingly taking proactive stands against domestic violence as a result of Breakthrough's campaign. A majority of respondents favored taking legal action (90 percent)
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From page 103... ...
In the end-line report there was a significant increase in knowledge about safe sex among respondents. Roughly 81 percent promptly referred to "condom use," while nearly 31 percent could correctly identify safe sex as "consistency in the use of condoms for safe sex." More than two-thirds of respondents reported that being monogamous is a safe sex practice.
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From page 104... ...
It is important that Bell Bajao! reach scale because Breakthrough seeks to change public conversations and to change the dialogue around issues of domestic violence, which can be achieved only when significant numbers of people are reached by the campaign and the issues of women's rights and ending domestic violence enter the public imagination and lexicon.
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From page 105... ...
captures how a multimedia campaign, supported by in-depth community mobilization activities, can increase knowledge, change perceptions and attitudes, and mobilize action to reduce domestic violence. DATING VIOLENCE PREVENTION: USING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL DATING VIOLENCE PREVENTION7 Andra Teten Tharp, Ph.D., Alan Dowell, A.B.J., Tessa Burton, M.P.H., CPH, and Laura Chaing, M.A.
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From page 106... ...
. Risk factors associated with perpetrating dating violence include experiencing anger, perpetrating aggression toward peers, holding traditional gender views or beliefs that are accepting of violence in dating relationships, using drugs or alcohol, having multiple sexual partners, experiencing or witnessing violence in the home, and having friends who experience or perpetrate dating violence (Vagi et al., in preparation)
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From page 107... ...
Although numerous organizations have developed ICT-based approaches to raise awareness of dating violence9 and facilitate help seeking, these approaches have not yet been evaluated.10 Next Steps for Global Dating Violence Prevention In light of the limited evidence base concerning what works to prevent dating violence among young people, universal primary prevention efforts implemented globally may initially focus on increasing awareness about the frequency and risk factors for dating violence and countering cultural and social norms that support harmful gender norms and the social acceptability of violence in relationships. Increasing awareness may be targeted 8 E.g., Start Strong: Building Healthy Teen Relationships: www.startstrongteens.org/; Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships: www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/ DatingMatters/; and CDC Strategic Direction for Intimate Partner Violence Prevention: www.
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Considerations for ICTs and Global Dating Violence Prevention Besides identifying the focus of prevention efforts globally, our work integrating ICTs with dating violence prevention suggests a number of considerations are warranted as the field moves forward. Collaborate on Development of Dating Violence Prevention ICTs It is critical that the development of ICTs for primary prevention of dating violence reflects and extends the state of the field and the current evidence base on what works to prevent dating violence, including known risk and protective factors for dating violence and best practices in prevention (e.g., Nation et al., 2003)
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From page 109... ...
and, as a result, do not take full advantage of the reach and relevance that ICTs offer. Ideally, the development of global dating violence prevention will be informed by the best available science and will use ICTs to make prevention accessible and engaging to young people and their influencers.
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From page 110... ...
Moreover, a need exists to combine primary and secondary prevention approaches when ICTs are used, so that individuals who are utilizing ICTs and are already experiencing violence may access resources and referrals for dating violence services as well as dating violence prevention. Be Aware of Regulations Related to Engaging Youth Through Technology Although the use of ICTs to communicate with multiple audiences, particularly youth, has increased dramatically in recent years, access to youth through technology is often governed by stricter laws and regulations than the laws that regulate similar communications with adults.
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LEVERAGING SOCIAL MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY TO ADVANCE THE FIELD OF ELDER ABUSE XinQi Dong, M.D., M.P.H. Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Rush University Medical Center Eric Brown, M.E.T.
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. In this paper we review the epidemiology of elder abuse and describe how social media and technology could synergistically advance societal awareness of elder abuse at the broad level.
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For the workshop we were asked to examine prevention strategies globally; therefore, issues of cultural and social norms needed to be considered. Our hypothesis: If we raised awareness of elder abuse at the community level, it would have a positive impact on families and help build the groundswell required to raise awareness and action with policy makers.
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From page 114... ...
of bitmapped images ence, and we imagined what these would look editable translated to the but "concept" type vector like when vocabulary and demographic of elder abuse. Current understanding of the types of elder abuse that exist has been formed by what is reported in mainstream media, which misses much of the breadth of abuse being perpetrated, such as the abuse an elder may experience at the hands of family.
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From page 115... ...
We have envisioned a similar tool for galvanizing people around pledging to end elder abuse. (See #5 on mock-up website: Figure 7-2.)
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From page 116... ...
. In exploring why elders do not report abuse -- usually because of fear of being removed from the home or from a facility, the fear of change, and the fear of the unknown -- the value becomes clear of some of the ideas represented in the list of social media examples, such as providing a place to "tell your story" for others to benefit, generating a pledge that people could take to help end elder abuse in their communities, or using technology to identify violence hot zones.
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117 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF mPREVENTVIOLENCE FIGURE 7-2 Mock-up website for elder abuse. Figure 7-2 R02165 uneditable bitmapped image
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The three authors of this paper collaborated synergistically outside our traditional comfort zones to tackle the global issue of elder abuse. We believe this process demonstrated that fruitful collaboration is possible and that it is feasible to combine scientific knowledge with input from experts in technology and social media to increase community and societal awareness of elder abuse and to improve the health and aging of an extremely vulnerable population.
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From page 119... ...
The most interesting thing about this process is that this is not only where we began, but also where we ended in our thinking about suicide prevention and technology. Ultimately, what we know about suicide is almost as limited as what we know about how technology can help prevent suicide.
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Just knowing the risk factors does not by itself prevent suicide, but technology to better recognize the written, posted, and communicated risks could hold the key to more effective prevention efforts. Prevention Strategies Shown Effective There are several strategies currently used in suicide prevention.
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Although it is not a proven, evidence-based technique, consider the following approach: A person who has several risk factors for suicide uses his or her mobile phone to text, e-mail, post, or send out a message via one of the many current applications available. This hypothetical person might type something like, "Thanks for everything, checking out now," or "I know you'd be better off without me around.
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From page 122... ...
Research Is the First Key to Developing Technology That Can Prevent Suicide Technological advances have brought about remarkable capabilities and a wealth of new measurable data, but to date they have not been applied to suicide prevention efforts. We must begin by acknowledging that data can help us develop better preventive strategies and possibly better intervention strategies.
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Existing technology has already provided us some idea of the power of language. If a person carries out a search using any of the terms in our first example, Google displays a red telephone with a National Suicide Prevention Hotline phone number as the first result.
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National suicide prevention (content) experts should continue to develop relationships with social media and new technology busi nesses, including coding and development experts.
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2011a. Elder abuse and mortality: The role of psychological and social wellbeing.
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1998. An evaluation of Safe Dates, an adolescent dating violence prevention program.
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2011. Shifting boundaries: Final report on an experientmental evaluation of a youth dating violence prevention program in New York City middle schools.
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2003. Dating violence prevention with at-risk youth: A controlled outcome evaluation.
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