NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space (2012) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix J: TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems
Appendix J: TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems
Pages 204-229
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 204... ...
The requirements for design and development of exploration destination technologies and their integrating systems will be driven by the varying environments of the selected destination, such as reduced gravity levels; the characteristics and chemistry of surface dust; atmospheric pressure and composition; etc. There are many commonalities among the various destinations which may result in common technology solutions, but there are also important differences that will drive the development of divergent technologies.
|
From page 205... ...
Remote Mission Operations Delete: 7.5.3 Remote Mission Operations 7.5.4. Planetary Safety Delete: 7.5.4 Planetary Safety Add: 7.5.5 Integrated Flight Operations Systems Add: 7.5.6 Integrated Risk Assessment Tools 7.6.
|
From page 206... ...
. In the draft roadmap, technology 7.4.1, Integrated Habitat Systems, includes several elements, including Smart Habitats.
|
From page 207... ...
This technology represents an intersection between flight software development; Earth-based command and control‚ models‚ and crew training; and simulation‚ as applied to crewed vehicles and ground control systems. Technology 7.5.6, Integrated Risk Assessment Tools, has been added to support development of new software tools for assessing integrated safety risks for varying exploration scenarios or Design Reference Missions (DRMs)
|
From page 208... ...
4. Food Production, Preservation, and Processing: Develop a food subsystem, as part of a closed-loop life support system, to provide fresh food and oxygen and to remove atmospheric CO 2 during long-duration missions.
|
From page 209... ...
Dust Prevention and Mitigation 9 9 3 1 9 1 -1 FIGURE J.1 Quality function deployment (QFD) summary matrix for TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems.
|
From page 210... ...
, Advanced Human Mobility (1) , and Advanced Habitat Systems (2)
|
From page 211... ...
Surface Mobility to enhance and/or enable that dust in destination maintenance, and repair support system, to habitats that protect the (Rovers and EVA) : provide fresh food and productive long-duration environments will have strategies in order to crew, implement self- Develop advanced human or robotic on extravehicular activity reduce mission costs and oxygen and to remove monitoring capabilities, rovers, and EVA systems missions into the solar (EVA)
|
From page 212... ...
Additional benefits of developing the ISRU technologies include solar energy conversion, volatiles for growing food, and production of metals, bricks and materials for building habitats, structures, and general planetary surface infrastructures. The panel's assessment of this technology assumes that its content, as described in the draft roadmap, is modi fied somewhat.
|
From page 213... ...
The water could eventually form the basis of a cis-lunar economy, providing the impetus for commercial entities to supply NASA with ISRU products for ongoing space exploration missions. Technology 7.1.4, Manufacturing/Infrastructure The panel's assessment of ISRU manufacturing/infrastructure technology assumes that its content, as described in the draft roadmap, is expanded somewhat.
|
From page 214... ...
. Regolith melted with concentrated solar energy, microwave energy, or electrical resistance heating can be cast into glass or ceramic components.
|
From page 215... ...
The panel's assessment of ISRU manufacturing/infrastructure technology assumes that its content, as described in the draft roadmap, is expanded somewhat. According to the roadmap, this technology would include regolith and rock acquisition (7.1.2.1)
|
From page 216... ...
. The draft roadmap for TA07 does not make any substantial progress on crew-related dust prevention until approximately 2029 for crewed Mars missions, after a mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA)
|
From page 217... ...
Dust prevention and mitigation could be a game changer for planetary surface operations and crew health by significantly reducing mission risk, increasing crew safety, and increasing the potential for mission success. Technology 7.6.2, Construction and Assembly Other than large module berthing and utilities installation, which has been performed routinely in the con struction of the ISS, most of the functionality of the Construction and Assembly technology are readily available on Earth, but they have not been adapted to spaceflight.
|
From page 218... ...
An ALS system could also factor in the ability of ISRU systems to generate supplies locally. Technology 7.2.4, Food Production/Processing/Preservation In the draft roadmap for TA07, this technology is a level 4 item (7.2.1.2)
|
From page 219... ...
Crew-operated vehicles for use with asteroids will also require new technology development, especially as it relates to station keeping on a rotating body, as most asteroids are expected to be in varying rates of rotation about one or more axes. Technology 7.3.2, Surface Mobility As described in the draft roadmap for TA07, Surface mobility technology (7.3.2)
|
From page 220... ...
, reducing the need for multiple habitats and backup life support systems, and reducing the risk associated with requiring additional launches to place assets where they are needed. Also, if multiple surface facilities are established for whatever reason, enhanced surface mobility would facilitate the movement of personnel and cargo for routine and emergency operations.
|
From page 221... ...
In the draft roadmap for TA07, Smart Habitats was a level 4 item in technology 7.4.1, Integrated Habitat Systems. The panel established Smart Habitats as a distinct level 3 technology because of the importance of this technology to future space exploration.
|
From page 222... ...
These comments are also generally appli cable to the draft roadmap for TA06, Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems. The draft roadmap for TA07 contains few detailed development schedules and milestones at level 3, but it does include broad goals and exploration mission destinations and missions in a one-page chart.
|
From page 223... ...
Human Lunar Moon Vacuum 1/6 g CO2 0.17 psi Martian reolith/H2O 520 days 180 days Robotic H Human Mars Mars 3/8 g Human Asteroid / Small Body Asteroid / Small Bodies Vacuum ~0 H Unknown > 80 days 180 days Robotic FIGURE J.5 Human exploration design environments.
|
From page 224... ...
Radiation protection and the reliability of life support systems are pacing technologies with respect to distance from Earth and mission duration. The panel reviewed the NASA Human Exploration Framework Team (HEFT)
|
From page 225... ...
gravity provides the best technology research and development environment for many technologies in TA06 and TA07, including those related to bioastronautics, ISRU, EVA, human mobility, habitat system design, sustain ability and supportability, and radiation protection. Testing and operational experience gained from an extended mission on the surface of the Moon could significantly reduce risk for a Mars mission in which there is little to no opportunity for abort over the course of a 2-year mission.
|
From page 226... ...
Pages 25 and 26 of the 2010 NASA HEFT report note that the following technologies are "technology devel opment complete" for near-Earth objects (NEO) : life support and habitation, exploration medical capability, space radiation protection, human health countermeasures, behavioral health and performance, space human factors and habitability, EVA technology, human exploration telerobotics, and human robotic systems.
|
From page 227... ...
The key lessons learned were that in many cases miniaturization of system elements leads to increased complexity and difficulty in performing maintenance, commonality is the best strategy to prevent a large number of spares and tools, and a robust maintenance and diagnostic toolkit will be critical for exploration missions. Session 4: Advanced Human Mobility Systems Rob Ambrose (NASA, Johnson Space Center)
|
From page 228... ...
started the Advanced Habitat Systems session with a briefing on the need for evidencebased performance requirements for advanced habitat systems. He also identified five showstoppers for deep space exploration by humans: the effects of reduced gravity, radiation, dust, the need for regenerative and bioregenerative life support, and planetary protection (to prevent both forward and backward contamination)
|
From page 229... ...
Relative to the draft roadmap for TA07, Orion uses a closed loop life sup port system capable of supporting a 21 day mission with a crew of four. Additionally, Price informed the panel that the Orion crew module includes advanced thermal control, waste management, and fire detection and suppression technologies.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.