NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix O: TA12 Materials, Structures, Mechanical Systems, and Manufacturing
Appendix O: TA12 Materials, Structures, Mechanical Systems, and Manufacturing
Pages 294-312
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From page 294... ...
The TABS for TA12 is shown in Table O.1, and the complete, revised TABS for all 14 TAs is shown in Appendix B 1 The draft space technology roadmaps are available at http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/strategic_integration/technology_roadmap.html.
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From page 295... ...
risk for human spaceflight missions would be game-changing, and the ISS would be useful to verify such concepts. Other advanced multifunctional structures concepts would enable structures, including joints, to provide thermal protection and control, electrical signal and power transmission, electrical energy and fuel storage, self-sensing
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From page 296... ...
Advanced composites and revolutionary structural concepts would substantially reduce structural weight in launch vehicles, cryo-tanks, propulsion systems, and spacecraft, increasing the payload mass fraction. More energetic propellants would reduce fuel mass in solid motors, and higher-temperature and lower-erosion materials would reduce the weight of engine nozzles.
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From page 297... ...
12.3.5 Reliability/Life Assessment/Health Monitoring is important in its own right, and it closely supports 12.3.1 Deployables, Docking and Interfaces. 12.4.2 Intelligent Integrated Manufacturing and Cyber Physical Systems 2 supports a number of other high-priority technologies and NASA missions.
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From page 298... ...
Certification Methods 3 9 9 9 3 -1 -3 176 M 12.4.1. Manufacturing Processes 3 9 9 9 3 -3 -1 184 H*
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little or no impact in addressing the challenge. FIGURE O.3 Level of support that the technologies provide to the top technical challenges for TA12 Materials, Structures, Mechanical Systems, and Manufacturing.
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This technology is game-changing because multifunctional habitat structures with integral shielding could reduce radiation exposure and MMOD risk for human spaceflight, bringing risk levels into acceptable ranges with reduced structural mass and launch vehicle volume. Other multifunctional structures technologies are likely to impact multiple areas and multiple missions and find uses beyond the aerospace field.
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From page 301... ...
Lightweight structural concepts developed by NASA and the aerospace industry have found extensive appli cations in transportation, commercial aircraft and military systems. Some space applications of lightweight con cepts, such as aluminum-lithium cryo-tank structures, solid rocket motor cases, and payload structures, have been demonstrated; however, there are significant new opportunities for adoption of lightweight concepts for future space missions.
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From page 302... ...
Since multiple NASA missions would benefit from improved structural design and analysis capability, the technology alignment was among the highest in this technology area. This high ranking carried over to non-NASA structures as well, since improvements in lightweight structures design, probabilistic design methods, and simulation will also benefit DOD, DOE, and other advanced structural applications.
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From page 303... ...
has evolved from its early uses for quality control, product acceptance, and periodic inspection to include continuous health monitoring and autonomous inspection. New NDE and sensor technology, including in situ embedded sensor arrays to assess vehicle and space systems health, integrated analysis to predict vehicle and on-board systems operational capability, and autonomous NDE and sensor operations, will be required for long-duration space missions.
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From page 304... ...
Many aspects of precision deployable structures and mechanisms technology are likely to find broader applications in multiple areas and multiple missions, and to a large subset of the aerospace field that requires precise structural geometry. The development risk is moderate-to-high, similar to that of past efforts to develop comparable technology.
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To be most effective in assuring mission reliability, the ability to take corrective action must also be designed into the system. Reliability, life assessment, and health monitoring technology is considered to be at TRL 2-3 for many level 4 technology items, TRL 4 for environmental durability testing, and TRL 1 for general life extension prediction and the VDFL concept.
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From page 306... ...
A second factor for the lower half of these technologies was reduced alignment with non-NASA aerospace technology and national goals. In the medium-priority technologies there are significant efforts underway in the aerospace industry and other agencies related to manufacturing processes, flex ible structures, certification methods for mechanical systems, model-based certification and sustainment methods, materials computational design, and environmental materials characterization.
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From page 307... ...
For each of these sessions, experts from industry, academia, and/or government provided a 35 minute presentation/discus sion of their comments on the NASA roadmap. At the end of the day, there was approximately 1 hour for open discussion by the workshop attendees, followed by a concluding discussion by the panel chair summarizing the key points observed during the day's discussion.
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From page 308... ...
The NASA team also spent some time discussing the top technical challenges that they developed in the TA12 roadmap. In terms of the overall top challenges, the team noted that radiation protection for humans and reli ability rose to the top of the list.
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Finally, Pipes concluded noting smart materials and devices is another area with a low TRL that might provide benefits to NASA (e.g., health monitoring)
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From page 310... ...
, reliability/life assessment/health monitoring (e.g., miniaturization, reliability-based structural optimization) , and certification methods (e.g., computational-based certification, need for reduced-order modeling, reliability of computers and software)
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From page 311... ...
On the other hand, Light also highlighted some areas that he felt the NASA roadmap did not cover as well, including: types of defects and damage that might be anticipated, practical aspects and effective integration of sensors and sensor life, sensing and monitoring the fields/environment around the structure, technology to route repairing materials through the structure, and wireless power transfer to sensors. In terms of top technical challenges in NDE and sensor systems, Light indicated that these include sensor integration with minimal detrimental effects, sensitivity to early damage, increasing sensor life, sensors and micro-circuitry embedded in the structure, environmental protection for structures (e.g., coatings)
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From page 312... ...
One of the panel members noted that NASA had identified radiation protection as one of its top technical challenges in the roadmap. This spurred many comments, including some from the NASA team suggesting that they are looking at materials like metal organic foam in tanks to help as shielding for habitat modules.
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