NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space (2012) / Chapter Skim
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3 Integrated Ranking of Top Technical Challenges and High-Priority Technologies
3 Integrated Ranking of Top Technical Challenges and High-Priority Technologies
Pages 59-76
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From page 59... ...
The steering committee defined the following technology objectives to serve as an organizing framework for prioritization of technical challenges and roadmap technologies. 1 The draft space technology roadmaps are available at http://www.nasa.gov/offices/oct/strategic_integration/technology_roadmap.html.
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From page 60... ...
This objective includes using the International Space Station (ISS) for technology advancement to support future human space exploration, providing opportunities for commercial companies to offer services to low Earth orbit and beyond, and developing the launch capability required for safe access to locations beyond low Earth orbit.
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Top Technical Challenges for Technology Objective A: Extend and sustain human activities beyond low Earth orbit.
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Top Technical Challenges for Technology Objective B: Explore the evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere (in situ measurements)
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From page 63... ...
Top Technical Challenges for Technology Objective C: Expand understanding of Earth and the universe in which we live (remote measurements)
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From page 64... ...
Next, following the correlation procedure used by the panels, the steering committee mapped those technologies against the top technical challenges for each of the three objectives. In many cases the correlation matrix was sparsely filled; for example, technologies from roadmaps relating to human exploration or life support would have little correlation with Technology Objective C, which is focused primarily on remote measurements from observational platforms, except if servicing is done by astronauts.
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From page 65... ...
10.4.1 (Nano) Sensors and Actuators 6.4.2 Fire Detection and Suppression 3.1.5 Fission Power Generation 6.1.1 Air Revitalization 3.3.3 Power Distribution and TA11 Modeling, Simulation, and Information 6.2.2 EVA Portable Life Support System Transmission Technology and Processing 6.4.4 Fire Remediation 3.3.5 Power Conversion and 11.1.1 Flight Computing Regulation 11.1.2 Ground Computing TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems 3.2.1 Batteries 11.2.4a Science Modeling and Simulation 7.1.3 In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU)
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From page 66... ...
Rendezvous and Dock Increase Available Precision Landing Improved Access Space Structures Space Radiation Mass to Surface Long Duration Long Duration Health Effects Health Effects Autonomous Lightweight Rapid Crew to Space Technology Objective A: ECLSS Transit Power Extend and sustain human activities beyond low Earth orbit ● 1.3.1 TBCC ● 1.3.2 RBCC ● 2.2.3 (Nuclear) Thermal Propulsion ● 3.1.3 Solar Power Generation (Photovoltaic and Thermal)
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Autonomous Rendezvous and Dock High-Power Electric Propulsion Robotic Surface Maneuvering Lightweight Space Structures Improved Access to Space Increase Available Power Higher Data Rates Precision Landing Mass to Surface Life Detection Technology Objective B: Explore the evolution of the solar system and the potential for life elsewhere (in situ measurements) ● 1.3.1 TBCC ● 1.3.2 RBCC ● 2.2.1 Electric Propulsion 3.1.3 Solar Power Generation (Photovoltaic and ● Thermal)
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High-Power Electric Propulsion New Astronomical Telescopes Lightweight Space Structures Cryogenic Propellant Storage Improved Flight Computers Improved Access to Space Increase Available Power Structural Monitoring Higher Data Rates Design Software Technology Objective C: Expand understanding of Earth and the universe (remote measurements) ● 1.3.1 TBCC ● 1.3.2 RBCC ● 2.2.1 Electric Propulsion ● 2.4.2 Propellant Storage and Transfer 3.1.3 Solar Power Generation (Photovoltaic and ● Thermal)
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Electric Propulsion (2.2.1) Lightweight and Multifunctional Materials Lightweight and Multifunctional Materials Solar Power Generation (Photovoltaic and and Structures (X.2)
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From page 70... ...
The relationship of these technologies to the top technical challenges is shown in Tables 3.10, 3.11, and 3.12. The steering committee assumes NASA will pursue all three objectives in a balanced approach, each according to the approved resources and mission plans allocated.
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From page 71... ...
Extend and sustain human activities beyond low Earth orbit ● 1 Improved Access to Space ● 2 Space Radiation Health Effects ● 3 Long Duration Health Effects ● 4 Long Duration ECLSS ● 5 Rapid Crew Transit ● ● 6 Lightweight Space Structures ● 7 Increase Available Power ● ● 8 Mass to Surface ● ● 9 Precision Landing ● 10 Autonomous Rendezvous and Dock
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● 1 Improved Access to Space ● ● 2 Precision Landing ● ● 3 Robotic Surface Maneuvering ● 4 Life Detection ● 5 High-Power Electric Propulsion ● 6 Autonomous Rendezvous and Dock ● ● 7 Increase Available Power ● 8 Mass to Surface ● 9 Lightweight Space Structures ● 10 Higher Data Rates consensus is that low-TRL, NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts-like funding should be on the order of 10 percent of the total, and that the research should quickly weed out the least competitive concepts, focusing on those that show the greatest promise in addressing the top technical challenges. At the high-TRL end of the spectrum, flight demonstrations, while expensive, are sometimes essential to reach a readiness level required for transition of a technology to an operational system.
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From page 73... ...
Technology Objective C: Expand understanding of Earth and the universe (remote measurements) ● 1 Improved Access to Space ● ● ● 2 New Astronomical Telescopes ● 3 Lightweight Space Structures ● 4 Increase Available Power ● 5 Higher Data Rates ● 6 High-Power Electric Propulsion 7 Design Software ● 8 Structural Monitoring 9 Improved Flight Computers ● ● 10 Cryogenic Storage and Transfer The Importance of Improved Access to Space In most cases, the steering committee and the panels have identified technologies that will make substantial progress in achieving the top technical challenges at the steering committee level and at the panel level.
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From page 74... ...
The NASA Office of the Chief Technolo gist should work with the Science Mission Directorate and the Department of Energy to help bring Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator technology hardware to flight demonstration on a suitable space mission beyond low Earth orbit. Finding: Plutonium-238.
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In addition to supporting cryogenic propellant storage and transfer, active thermal control technology can enable long-term storage of consumables such as LOX for human missions and support scientific instruments that require cryogenic conditions. The 2011 NRC decadal survey Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences Research for a New Era recommended near-term research and technology development in zero-boil-off propellant storage (both passive and active techniques)
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Optical Systems 8.2.4 High-Contrast Imaging and Spectroscopy Technologies ○ ○ 8.3.3 In Situ (Instruments and Sensors) 14.1.2 Active Thermal Control of Cryogenic Systems ○ ○ X.1 Radiation Mitigation for Human Spaceflight X.2 Lightweight and Multifunctional Materials and Structures ○ X.3 ECLSS X.4 GN&C X.5 EDL TPS ● Essential Key Significant ○ Minor REFERENCES NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
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