Aging in Asia Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives (2012) / Chapter Skim
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11 Social Networks, Family, and Care Giving Among Older Adults in India--Lisa F. Berkman, T.V. Sekher, Benjamin Capistrant, and Yuhui Zheng
11 Social Networks, Family, and Care Giving Among Older Adults in India--Lisa F. Berkman, T.V. Sekher, Benjamin Capistrant, and Yuhui Zheng
Pages 261-278
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From page 261... ...
Sekher, Benjamin Capistrant, and Yuhui Zheng S ocial networks and family ties are among the core institutions pro viding support and opportunities for engagement to older adults around the world (Berkman, 2000; Bloom et al., 2010; Bongaarts and Zimmer, 2002; Wachter, 1997)
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From page 262... ...
. Families continue to be the central organizing unit for economic support and for providing care for those physically unable to care for themselves (Kozel and Parker, 2000; Samuel and Thyloth, 2002)
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Kerala, which is known for its relatively efficient healthcare system, has undergone rapid social development and is included as a potential harbinger of how the situation might evolve in other Indian states. The sampling frame for LASI is drawn from the 2001 Census Primary Census Abstract.
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From page 264... ...
Since activity 7, attending religious events, is strongly correlated with religion, we decided to exclude this activity for the measure of participation in social activities. The measure takes the value of 1 if for one or more of the other six activities, a person reported participating "Twice a month or more" or "About once a month." Analysis Since all three outcomes are binary, we applied a logit model to examine how social ties are associated with various sociodemographic characteristics and economic positions.
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From page 265... ...
Since LASI provides imputed data for missing values using a hot deck method, we control for imputed consumption in the models to adjust for any systematic bias due to missing data for some components of household consumption. We recoded the per capita consumption measure into terciles: low, middle, and high.
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From page 266... ...
SOURCE: Data from LASI pilot study, respondents aged 45 and older. Living arrangements are an important component of analysis of wel fare of elderly.
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Men Women Age Group 45−59 58 61 60−74 33 30 75 and older 9 9 Residence Rural 75 71 Urban 25 29 Marital Status Married 91 65 Never married/divorced/separated 3 4 Widowed 6 32 Living Arrangement Live with spouse and child 77 51 Live only with spouse, not child 13 12 Live only with child, not spouse 6 28 Live with neither spouse nor child 4 8 Education Illiterate 40 56 Primary 27 23 Secondary 11 8 High school or more 22 14 Per capita Consumption Terciles Low 33 33 Middle 33 34 High 34 32 Consumption Values Imputed 18 18 Religion Other 2 1 Hindu 75 76 Muslim 9 8 Christian 6 7 Sikh 8 7 Caste Other/none 32 32 Scheduled caste/scheduled tribe 27 28 Other backward class 41 40 State Karnataka 32 32 Kerala 21 25 Punjab 14 13 Rajasthan 33 30 NOTE: Data are weighted by individual all-state representative sampling weight. SOURCE: Data from LASI pilot study, respondents aged 45 and older.
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Table 11-3 shows the association of close friendships with the same set of social and demographic characteristics we examined previously in a multiple logistic analysis looking at the independent association of each variable.
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Observations 1,110 NOTES: Data are weighted by individual all-state representative sampling weight. Com plex sample design is taken into account for estimating standard errors.
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Finally, increasing education and consumption were associated with an increasing likelihood of having close friends. Respondents living in Kerala were more likely to report having close friends than those living in other regions.
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Specifically, a question asked about social activities including going to the cinema, eating out of the house, going to the park/beach, playing cards or games, visiting relatives/friends, attending cultural performances/ shows, and attending religious functions/events (outside home)
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From page 272... ...
[1.56,4.91] Per Capita Consumption Terciles Middle 1.56*
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From page 273... ...
" This section describes how often the older respondents maintain close relationships with their friends through meeting with them or speaking over the phone. The responses given were grouped into three categories: frequently, sometimes, and rarely.
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From page 274... ...
In this study, the vast majority of both men and women are well connected both in terms of their intimate family ties as well as to more extended, weaker social networks. While 4% of men and 8% of women lived with neither spouse nor children, about 32% of women were widowed.
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From page 275... ...
. It is important to note, of course, that this is a cross-sectional study and that the relationship between social networks and socioeconomic and geographic locale is likely to be bidirectional with selection processes going in both senses: that is, that social ties shape both socioeconomic opportunities and geographic mobility.
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From page 276... ...
. Social support and social networks as determinants of individual and marital outcomes.
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From page 277... ...
World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision Population Database. Medium Variant Projections.
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From page 278... ...
. A Global Response to Elder Abuse and Neglect.
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