Aging in Asia Findings from New and Emerging Data Initiatives (2012) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Overview--James P. Smith and Malay Majmundar
1 Introduction and Overview--James P. Smith and Malay Majmundar
Pages 1-14
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.2 While we separate the chapters into these categories for summary purposes, it is important to note that a central point of new and emerging international data initiatives is that research and analysis should not be conducted solely within individual topic domains. The need for integration is addressed by James P
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Smith Preparing for Population Aging in Asia: Strengthening the Infrastructure for Science and Policy P Arokiasamy, David Bloom, Longitudinal Aging Study in India: Vision, Design, Jinkook Lee, Kevin Feeney, and Implementation, and Preliminary Findings Marija Ozolins ECONOMIC GROWTH, LABOR MARKETS, AND CONSUMPTION Ronald Lee and Andrew Mason Population Aging, Intergenerational Transfers, and Economic Growth: Asia in a Global Context David Wise Facilitating Longer Working Lives: The Need, the Rationale, the How John Giles, Dewen Wang, and The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior Wei Cai of China's Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective Albert Park, Yan Shen, Relying on Whom?
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Title HEALTH AND WELL-BEING Firman Witoelar, John Strauss, Socioeconomic Success and Health in Later Life: and Bondan Sikoki Evidence from the Indonesia Family Life Survey John Strauss, Hao Hong, Healthcare and Insurance Among the Elderly in Xiaoyan Lei, Lin Li, China: Evidence from the CHARLS Pilot Albert Park, Li Yang, and Yaohui Zhao Subhojit Dey, Devaki Nambiar, Health of the Elderly in India: Challenges of J.K. Lakshmi, Kabir Sheikh, Access and Affordability and K
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, "The Labor Supply and Retirement Behavior of China's Older Workers and Elderly in Comparative Perspective," John Giles, Dewen Wang, and Wei Cai emphasize the distinction between workers in the formal labor market where pensions are often quite generous and lead to relatively early retirement, and the informal (often rural) labor market where individu als work to very old age and rely primarily on their families for income and health support.
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Four chapters in this volume deal with family roles and responsibilities -- set in China, Indonesia, and India. "Patterns and Correlates of Intergenerational Nontime Transfers: Evidence from CHARLS," by Xiaoyan Lei, John Giles, Yuqing Hu, Albert Park, John Strauss, and Yaohui Zhao, studies intergenerational transfers between adult children and their elderly parents.
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This situation, however, is in a rapid state of flux, with new programs being introduced to extend health insurance into rural areas. In "Healthcare and Insurance Among the Elderly in China: Evidence from the CHARLS Pilot," John Strauss, Hao Hong, Xiaoyan Lei, Lin Li, Albert Park, Li Yang, and Yaohui Zhao take advantage of the CHARLS pilot data to model the probability of having health insurance and receiving care.
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As in other Asian countries, the Indian elderly face a unique set of health-related challenges owing to the dual burden of chronic and degenerative noncommunicable diseases and communicable diseases. Key challenges to access to health for this population include social barriers shaped by gender and other dimensions of social inequality (e.g., religion, caste, socioeconomic status, and stigma)
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Physical health has the strongest association with life satisfaction compared to other domains, and having friends and being engaged in social activities are also strongly positively associated with life satisfaction. STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY FOR AGING RESEARCH IN ASIA The broad range of topics covered by the chapters in this volume exemplify the way in which investments in high-quality data and research can produce information and insights that may prove valuable to policy makers as they confront the challenges of aging populations.
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After all, a government agency that does not have the resources and expertise to support a sophisticated longitu dinal survey is, by definition, an agency that will find it difficult to play a lead role in promoting high-quality aging research. This raises a number of additional questions about research infrastructures in Asian countries, the lessons that may be learned from the U.S.
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(See Box 1-1 for an overview of some of the major scientific institutions in China, India, Indonesia, and Japan.) Managing Peer Review Asian countries that are interested in expanding their investments in aging research may want to give some consideration to peer review processes.
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In China, the major government agencies in the field of science and technology are the Ministry of Science and Technology, which formulates development plans and implements policy guidelines; the Ministry of Education, which manages education funds for higher and postgraduate educa tion; the National Natural Science Foundation, which provides funding for basic research and some applied research; and the National Social Science Foundation, which allocates resources for social science researchers at universities and to research institutes (Ping, 2010)
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Aging research ought to span multiple disciplines and approach questions from a variety of perspectives. Therefore, Asian countries may want to think about the best ways of incorporating interdisciplinary principles into the design of public institutions.
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For example, of the 10 wealthiest foundations in the United States,6 only the MacArthur Foundation, with its Research Network on an Aging Society, has an organized research program that is explicitly focused on aging. As Asian countries strengthen their institutional capacity for aging research, they may want to think about ways of designing public institutions and forging pub lic-private partnerships so that private resources are more likely to be mobilized and, subsequent to that, allocated in ways that are systematic, coordinated, and consistent with good science.
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In World Social Science Report: Knowledge Divides. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and International Social Science Council.
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