The National Academies Press

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1 Introduction and Overview
Pages 1-4

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From page 1... ... " Christian Science Monitor, as ammonia using iron as a catalyst at high pressure, and a January 19.1 few years later Carl Bosch, an industrial chemist at BASF, developed a way to apply this process on an industrial scale. Widespread concern over the future availability of critical The Haber-Bosch process was born in controversy, since it elements led the Chemical Sciences Roundtable to hold a prolonged Germany's ability to wage World War I without workshop on September 29-30, 2011, in Washington, D.C., blockaded imports from South America. Read the entire page →
From page 2... ... For example, the Toyota Prius uses at least aspects of the catalysis process are more economically eight different critical elements in its design. As described in significant than the cost of the metals, and many chemical Chapter 2, in everything from the hybrid electric motor, to the processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals LCD screen in the passenger compartment, to the recharge- such as cobalt to much scarcer metals because the high cost able NiMH battery to power the car, to the catalytic converter of separations and capital expenses overwhelm the difference that cleans the exhaust, critical elements play a primary role in the price of the metal. Read the entire page →
From page 3... ... For broad-scale energy-intensive transparent conducting indium tin oxide films, which are applications, this means the active materials must be inhercurrently behind virtually 100 percent of all displays and ently low cost and sufficiently abundant. Interestingly, figure similarly in the emerging organic light-emitting diode the cost of the raw active materials is not always the primary (OLED) Read the entire page →

From page 1...

... " Christian Science Monitor, as ammonia using iron as a catalyst at high pressure, and a January 19.1 few years later Carl Bosch, an industrial chemist at BASF, developed a way to apply this process on an industrial scale. Widespread concern over the future availability of critical The Haber-Bosch process was born in controversy, since it elements led the Chemical Sciences Roundtable to hold a prolonged Germany's ability to wage World War I without workshop on September 29-30, 2011, in Washington, D.C., blockaded imports from South America.

Read the entire page →

From page 2...

... For example, the Toyota Prius uses at least aspects of the catalysis process are more economically eight different critical elements in its design. As described in significant than the cost of the metals, and many chemical Chapter 2, in everything from the hybrid electric motor, to the processes have evolved from originally using low-cost metals LCD screen in the passenger compartment, to the recharge- such as cobalt to much scarcer metals because the high cost able NiMH battery to power the car, to the catalytic converter of separations and capital expenses overwhelm the difference that cleans the exhaust, critical elements play a primary role in the price of the metal.

Read the entire page →

From page 3...

... For broad-scale energy-intensive transparent conducting indium tin oxide films, which are applications, this means the active materials must be inhercurrently behind virtually 100 percent of all displays and ently low cost and sufficiently abundant. Interestingly, figure similarly in the emerging organic light-emitting diode the cost of the raw active materials is not always the primary (OLED)

Read the entire page →

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1 Introduction and Overview Pages 1-4

1 Introduction and Overview
Pages 1-4