Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 12 (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 288-316
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7 Propane1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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Propane 289 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
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290 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels ered adequate because the concentration-response curve for CNS effects appears to be steep and, thus, interindividual variability will be relatively small. Further, 10,000 ppm appears to be a conservative starting point considering the effects reported at 100,000 ppm.
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Propane 291 The same study used to derive the AEGL-2 values also was used as starting point for AEGL-3 values. Although a marked cardiac response occurred in two of 12 beagle dogs exposed to propane at 100,000 ppm, no deaths were occurred.
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292 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 7-1 Summary of AEGL Values for Propane End Point Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h (Reference) AEGL-1 10,000 ppma 6,900 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma CNS (nondisabling)
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Propane 293 Most deaths were from asphyxia induced by a combination of plastic bag suffocation and propane inhalation. Autopsy findings generally were very similar and included frothy material in the upper airways and oral cavity, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and pleural spaces, and cerebral and pulmonary congestion and edema.
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294 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 2.2.3. Human Experience The data on human exposure to propane are very limited.
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Propane 295 found on any parameter studied. In a similar series of experiments, exposure to propane at 200,000 ppm caused a decrease in respiratory volume, but the decrease was not statistically significant (Aviado and Smith 1975)
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296 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.2.3. Guinea Pigs Nuckolls (1933)
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Propane 297 for CNS depression (ataxia and loss of righting reflex)
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298 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 4.
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Propane 299 5.2. Summary of Animal Data Relevant to AEGL-1 Nuckolls (1933)
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300 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels mately 90% of the values of n ranged between 1 and 3. Consequently, these values were selected as the reasonable lower and upper bounds of n to use when data are not available to derive an empirical value for n.
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Propane 301 TABLE 7-3 AEGL-1 Values for Propane 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 10,000 ppma 6,900 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma (18,000 mg/m3)
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302 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels The information available indicates that cardiac sensitization is a concentration-related threshold effect (Reinhardt et al. 1971; Brock et al.
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Propane 303 7.3. Derivation of AEGL-3 No human data or adequate mortality studies in animals were available.
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304 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 7-6 Summary of AEGL Values for Propane Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 10,000 ppma 6,900 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma (nondisabling)
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Propane 305 b The AEGL-2 values for all time periods is 17,000 ppm (31,000 mg/m3) , which is greater than 50% of the lower explosive limit for propane in air of 23,000 ppm.
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306 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices. American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists: Cincinnati, OH.
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Propane 307 Lewis, R.J., ed.
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308 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Stewart, R.D., A.A. Hermann, E.D.
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Propane 309 APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR PROPANE Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Key study: Patty, F.A., and W.P.
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310 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Derivation of AEGL-2 Values Key study: Reinhardt, C.F., A
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Propane 311 Toxicity end point: Short-term exposure (10 min with epinephrine injection after 5 min) induced cardiac sensitization in dogs; no deaths occurred at 100,000 ppm.
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312 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX B CATEGORY GRAPH FOR PROPANE Propane Toxicity 1000000 100000 AEGL - 3 AEGL - 2 Human - No effect 10000 Human Discomfort AEGL - 1 Human - Disabling Animal - No effect Animal - Discomfort ppm 1000 Animal Disabling Animal - Some Lethality Animal - Lethal AEGL 100 10 1 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE B-1 Category graph of toxicity data and AEGLs values for propane.
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Propane 313 APPENDIX C ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR PROPANE Derivation Summary for Propane AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 10,000 ppma 6,900 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma 5,500 ppma (18,000 mg/m3)
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314 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-2 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h See belowa See belowa See belowa See belowa See belowa Key reference: Reinhardt, C.F., A
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Propane 315 AEGL-3 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h See belowa See belowa See belowa See belowa See belowa Exposure route/Concentrations/Durations: Inhalation exposure for 10 min at 50,000, 100,000, or 200,000 ppm. Effects: 0 ppm No effects 50,000 ppm No effects 100,000 ppm Marked response in 2/12 dogs 200,000 ppm Marked response in 7/12 dogs, one of which had cardiac arrest End point/Concentration/Rationale: No deaths from cardiac sensitization at 100,000 ppm.
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