Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 12 (2012) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 48-81
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 48... ...
2 Chloroacetaldehyde1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
|
From page 49... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 49 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
|
From page 50... ...
50 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels chloroacetaldehyde at 5 ppm for 7 h (Dow Chemical Company 1952)
|
From page 51... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 51 were chosen for the point of departure for the 1-h AEGL value. A 1-h exposure at 44 ppm (the lowest concentration tested)
|
From page 52... ...
52 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 1. INTRODUCTION Chloroacetaldehyde is a colorless, volatile liquid with an acrid, penetrating odor.
|
From page 53... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 53 No current information was found on the chemical production of chloroacetaldehyde. The amount of chloroacetaldehyde manufactured or imported in the United States in 1977 was reported to be 1-10 million pounds (EPA 1987)
|
From page 54... ...
54 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels in four patients without such effects. Rieger et al.
|
From page 55... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 55 3.1.2. Rats Rats (19 or 20 animals/group; sex and strain not specified)
|
From page 56... ...
56 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.2. Nonlethal Toxicity SPF-reared Borr:WISW rats (five animals/sex/group)
|
From page 57... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 57 details were provided on the purity of the chloroacetaldehyde or the exposure conditions. Target concentrations were monitored during the experiment, but the method and measurements were not specified.
|
From page 58... ...
58 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.2.3. Mice Groups of five female mice (strain not specified)
|
From page 59... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 59 3.3. Neurotoxicity No neurotoxicity studies on experimental animals exposed to chloroacetaldehyde were found.
|
From page 60... ...
60 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels metabolite formed from the animal and human carcinogen vinyl chloride (see Bartsch et al. 1976; Goldschmidt 1984; NRC 2012)
|
From page 61... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 61 evidenced by increased absolute and relative liver weights, increased hepatic tumors and preneoplastic lesions, and mild histologic effects.
|
From page 62... ...
62 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels reactive, effects on the respiratory tract are likely to be predominant following inhalation exposure. Although the potential for chloroacetaldehyde to produce systemic effects cannot be ruled out, it is probable that the respiratory tract will be most sensitive to inhalation exposure; this is supported by results of studies in animals (see Section 3.2)
|
From page 63... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 63 Several studies have investigated the mechanism of toxicity of ifosfamide, and indicate a causative role for chloroacetaldehyde in the development of nephrotoxicity (Loebstein et al. 1999; Skinner et al.
|
From page 64... ...
64 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 4.3. Other Relevant Information 4.3.1.
|
From page 65... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 65 5.3. Derivation of AEGL-1 The predominant effect of acute exposures to chloroacetaldehyde is irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract.
|
From page 66... ...
66 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 2-5 AEGL-1 Values for Chloroacetaldehyde 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 2.3 ppm 2.3 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.40 ppm 0.22 ppm (7.4 mg/m3)
|
From page 67... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 67 A total uncertainty factor of 10 (two factors of 3) was considered sufficient for toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic differences between species and for individual variability for the following reasons.
|
From page 68... ...
68 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels large and was, therefore, inappropriate. An additional problem was a lack of study details (e.g., only nominal concentrations of chloroacetaldehyde were reported)
|
From page 69... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 69 TABLE 2-8 Summary of AEGL Values for Chloroacetaldehyde Exposure Duration Classification 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h AEGL-1 2.3 ppm 2.3 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.40 ppm 0.22 ppm (nondisabling)
|
From page 70... ...
70 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 8.2. Comparison with Other Standards and Guidelines The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH)
|
From page 71... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 71 Arts, J.H.E.
|
From page 72... ...
72 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Medicine, Bethesda, MD [online]
|
From page 73... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 73 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)
|
From page 74... ...
74 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGL VALUES FOR CHLOROACETALDEHYDE Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Key study: Dow Chemical Company.
|
From page 75... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 75 Derivation of AEGL-2 Values Key study: Arts, J.H.E.
|
From page 76... ...
76 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Derivation of AEGL-3 Values Key studies: Arts, J.H.E.
|
From page 77... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 77 APPENDIX B ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR CHLOROACETALDEHYDE Derivation Summary for Chloroacetaldehyde AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 2.3 ppm 2.3 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.40 ppm 0.22 ppm (7.4 mg/m3)
|
From page 78... ...
78 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-1 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 2.3 ppm 2.3 ppm 1.3 ppm 0.40 ppm 0.22 ppm (7.4 mg/m3)
|
From page 79... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 79 AEGL-2 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 9.8 ppm 3.9 ppm 2.2 ppm 0.69 ppm 0.39 ppm (31 mg/m3)
|
From page 80... ...
80 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-3 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 44 ppm 18 ppm 9.9 ppm 3.1 ppm 1.8 ppm (140 mg/m3)
|
From page 81... ...
Chloroacetaldehyde 81 APPENDIX C CATEGORY GRAPH OF TOXICITY DATA AND AEGL VALUES FOR CHLOROACETALDEHYDE Chloroacetaldehyde Toxicity 1000 100 Human - No effect Human Discomfort Human - Disabling Animal - No effect ppm 10 Animal - Discomfort Animal Disabling Animal - Some Lethality Animal - Lethal 1 AEGL 0 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE C-1 Category graph of toxicity data and AEGLs values for chloroacetaldehyde.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.