Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals Volume 12 (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 82-119
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3 Chlorobenzene1 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels PREFACE Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA)
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Chlorobenzene 83 effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
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84 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (Knecht and Woitowitz 2000)
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Chlorobenzene 85 appropriate point of departure for AEGL-3 derivation. A total uncertainty factor of 10 was applied on the same basis it was applied in the derivation of the AEGL-2 values, and time scaling was performed the same as was done for the AEGL-2 values.
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86 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 3-2 Chemical and Physical Properties for Chlorobenzene Parameter Value Reference CAS registry no. 108-90-7 Synonyms Monochlorobenzene; benzene chloride; phenylchloride; MCB; chlorobenzol Chemical formula C6H5Cl Molecular weight 112.56 Physical state Liquid ATSDR 1990 Color Colorless ATSDR 1990 Odor Aromatic, almond-like ATSDR 1990 Melting point -45.6°C ATSDR 1990 Boiling point 132°C ATSDR 1990 3 Liquid density (water = 1)
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Chlorobenzene 87 and 4 h in the afternoon, with a 1-h break between exposures. The concentrations were determined by gas chromatography and were reported to be constant within a 5% range.
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88 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.
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Chlorobenzene 89 3.1.1. Rabbits A description of a study by Rozenbaum et al.
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90 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Groups of five rats per sex were exposed (whole body) to chlorobenzene at mean (± SD)
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Chlorobenzene 91 7,970 ± 355 ppm for 30 min, and were observed for 14 days. No deaths were observed at any concentration.
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92 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels 3.2.2. Rats Groups of five rats per sex were exposed (whole body)
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Chlorobenzene 93 are not described in this study. The highest concentration of 2,400 ppm is close to the 6-h LC50 of 2,965 ppm in the rat study by Bonnet et al.
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94 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels were recorded daily over a 14-day observation period. No effect on mortality from streptococcus challenge or on bactericidal activity was found.
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Chlorobenzene 95 macroscopic changes of the liver. Slight liver effects (not described)
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96 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels IPCS (1991) , and Hellman (1993)
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Chlorobenzene 97 epoxide-containing metabolites. However, because of conflicting results from mutagenic tests in vitro and in vivo, it is unclear whether the genotoxic activity could represent a risk to human health.
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98 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels short electrical pulse in rats and mice. Neurologic responses (decrease in velocity of the tonic extension)
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Chlorobenzene 99 (MA) and 4-chlorocatechol (4-CC)
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100 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels metabolites are 4-chlorocatechol conjugates and 4-chlorophenylmercapturic acid. The percentage eliminated via the lungs increases with concentration.
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Chlorobenzene 101 1982) , indicated that chlorobenzene was one of most toxic compounds.
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102 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels the fact that only a few subjects were tested, an uncertainty factor of 1 for intraspecies variability was considered appropriate because of the conservatism of the point of departure already provides a margin of safety. (The point of departure of 10 ppm was obtained from a repeated-exposure study, and effects observed at 60 ppm were rather slight.)
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Chlorobenzene 103 TABLE 3-5 AEGL-1 Values for Chlorobenzene 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm (47 mg/m3)
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104 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels pigs exposed at 2,990 ppm for 30 min (UBTL 1978)
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Chlorobenzene 105 There are several studies of acute mortality in mice exposed to chlorobenzene, but most descriptions lack adequate detail. A 6-h LC50 of 1,886 ppm in mice was reported by Bonnet et al.
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106 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels TABLE 3-7 AEGL-3 Values for Chlorobenzene 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 1,100 ppm 800 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm (5,170 mg/m3)
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Chlorobenzene 107 The ERPG-3 is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 h without experiencing or developing lifethreatening health effects. b IDLH (immediately dangerous to life or health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
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108 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Arbetslivsinsinstitutet (National Institute for Working Life)
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Chlorobenzene 109 Grilli, S., G Arfellini, A
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110 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Mihail, F
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Chlorobenzene 111 Rebert, C.S., R.W. Schwartz, D.J.
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112 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Valencia, R
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Chlorobenzene 113 APPENDIX A DERIVATION OF AEGLS VALUES FOR CHLOROBENZENE Derivation of AEGL-1 Values Key studies: Ogata, M., and Y Shimada.
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114 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels Values (Final Report) with Cover Letter Dated 102291.
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Chlorobenzene 115 DC. EPA Document No.
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116 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels APPENDIX B CATEGORY PLOT FOR CHLOROBENZENE Chemical Toxicity - All Chlorobenzene 100000,0000 10000,0000 Human - No effect Human Discomfort 1000,0000 Human - Disabling ppm Animal - No effect AEGL - 3 Animal - Discomfort AEGL - 2 Animal Disabling 100,0000 Animal - Some Lethality Animal - Lethal AEGL AEGL - 1 10,0000 1,0000 0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 Minutes FIGURE B-1 Category plot of animal and human data and AEGL values for chlorobenzene.
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Chlorobenzene 117 APPENDIX C ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS FOR CHLOROBENZENE Derivation Summary for Chlorobenzene AEGL-1 VALUES 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm (47 mg/m3)
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118 Acute Exposure Guideline Levels AEGL-2 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 430 ppm 300 ppm 150 ppm 150 ppm 150 ppm (2,021 mg/m3)
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Chlorobenzene 119 AEGL-3 VALUES Continued 10 min 30 min 1h 4h 8h 1,100 ppm 800 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm (5,170 mg/m3)
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