Ranking Vaccines A Prioritization Framework: Phase I: Demonstration of Concept and a Software Blueprint (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Therefore, it becomes vitally important to develop not only a practical approach that provides a common language to assist decision making but also a flexible tool that embraces a wide spectrum of inputs and perspectives in efforts to advance vaccine development. This report, Ranking Vaccines: A Prioritization Framework, describes a decision-support model and the blueprint of accompanying software being developed to help prioritize vaccines.
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can refer not only to a completely novel vaccine but also to an existing vaccine given improvements to some of its features, including innovations in its production or delivery methods. The audience and potential users of SMART Vaccines include those institutions funding and carrying out basic biomedical research, private firms involved in vaccine production, philanthropic foundations with a strong interest in vaccination and global health programs, international health organizations, and high-level decision makers, such as ministers for health, commerce, and finance or senior administrators.
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Task 4: Prepare a report containing the analytical framework and model for evaluating and prioritizing vaccine targets along with rec ommendations as to how to use the model for reviewing the catalog of preventive vaccines every 2 to 3 years. international perspective, based on infant mortality equivalents -- a proxy measure of health burden.
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SMART Vaccines significantly expands the single criterion framework of the earlier prioritization efforts to include a number of additional criteria that influence decision making in vaccine development. An overview of SMART Vaccines The committee's principal contributions have been broadening the set of criteria for valuing preventive vaccines and demonstrating how the selection of criteria and data can influence the prioritization process.
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Early prototypes were modeled after the one presented in the 2000 report. The committee then began the development of a user-friendly software interface to enable data input with the aim of incorporating sensitivity testing, advanced dynamic modeling, and improved visualization of results in the future.
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Representative test results are discussed in this report with the acknowledgement that sensitivity testing and further validation will be required in Phase II of this study. To demonstrate the extent to which the selection and ranking of attributes affects the priority scores among vaccines generated by the model, the committee conducted a "value experiment" in which committee members and staff selected attributes and provided ranking scores for six hypothetical vaccines: an influenza vaccine with a 1-year immunity; an influenza vaccine with a 5-year immunity; a tuberculosis vaccine with a 3-year immunity; a tuberculosis vaccine with lifetime immunity; an influenza vaccine with a 1-year immunity but with 50 percent increased coverage; and a tuberculosis vaccine with a 3-year immunity but in a setting with a 100-fold increase in disease prevalence.
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Economic data are also needed on typical wage rates for workers in each age group in order to compute worker productivity gains achieved by reducing or eliminating disease burden -- both in workers directly and, indirectly, in children they may care for -- through vaccination. The model's computational engine uses all data and other usersupplied entries to calculate a series of attributes, including costeffectiveness, premature deaths averted, incident cases prevented, annual health care costs saved, and net annual gains in worker productivity.
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. A further expected benefit of using SMART Vaccines is that it will enable users to identify data needs to ultimately improve their vaccine prioritization process.
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The value of SMART Vaccines will depend, in part, on data that need to be generated as vaccine candidates evolve and as disease epidemiology becomes better characterized in different parts of the world. In the future -- beyond Phase II -- an active community of users and an open-source environment would likely lead to future enhancement of the SMART Vaccines' capabilities.
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