Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington Past, Present, and Future (2012) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-22
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From page 9... ...
Along the west coast of Niño, combined with a series of large storms at times of the United States, sea level is influenced by changes in high astronomical tides, caused more than $200 million global mean sea level as well as by regional changes in dollars in damage (in 2010 dollars) to the California ocean circulation and climate patterns such as El Niño; coast during the winter of 19821983 (Griggs et al., gravitational and deformational effects of ice age and 2005)
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. Coastal impacts or measures cies need sea-level information for a variety of purposes, to lessen them were considered only in the context of including assessing coastal hazard vulnerability, risks, summarizing what is known about how coastal habiand impacts; informing adaptation strategies; and im- tats and natural and restored environments respond to proving coastal hazard forecasts and decision support and protect against future sea-level rise and storms tools.
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knowledge. Beginning in 1989, the primary assess- For Task 2, the committee drew on published rements of global sea-level change have been carried out search on sea-level change along the west coast of the by thousands of scientists working under the auspices United States and also carried out its own analyses.
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to future sea-level rise and storminess along the west coast; c. the role of coastal habitats, natural environments, and restored tidal wetlands and beaches in providing protection from future inundation and waves.
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Uncertainty oped for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report3 project in models used to describe key elements of sea-level global sea-level rise to 2100. However, they do not change results from uncertainties in model parameters account for rapid changes in the behavior of ice sheets (e.g., initial conditions, boundary conditions)
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. Geological data from salt large continental ice sheets grew during long inter- marshes show a clear acceleration from relatively low vals of cold global temperatures (glacial periods or ice rates of sea-level change during the past two millennia ages)
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The strongest winds and gravitational and deformational effects of land ice hence the biggest waves along the west coast of the changes. Changes in ocean circulation affect regional United States are typically generated during winter sea level on seasonal to decadal and longer timescales storms.
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. These isostatic largest effect on sea level in the northeast Pacific Ocean, adjustments produced a characteristic pattern of seareducing the land ice contribution to local sea-level rise level change, with land uplift and relative sea-level fall on the order of tens of percent.
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GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION ALONG THE U.S. WEST COAST How much coastal inundation can be expected with sea-level rise depends on the local geomorphology, which varies significantly along the west coast of the United States.
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. Relative sea level then rose as ice meltwater was transferred to the oceans and the Laurentide Ice Sheet peripheral bulge began to collapse, causing coastal subsidence.
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South of Cape Mendocino, the North American and Pacific plates slide past one another along the San Andreas Fault Zone. The land west of the San Andreas Fault, from San Diego to Cape Mendocino, is moving northwest relative to the rest of North America.
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FIGURE 1.10 Steep rocky cliffs of the Marin Headlands north of San Francisco, California. SOURCE: Copyright 20022012 K enneth & Gabrielle Adelman, California Coastal Records P roject, |
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INTRODUCTION 21 FIGURE 1.11 Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area. The largest coastal dune field in the United States has developed along the central Oregon coast and extends inland up to 3 km.
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coast, including regional changes in ocean circulation, Hawaii, appears in Appendix D Chapter 5 summarizes climate-induced changes in storms, gravitational and recent projections of global and regional sea-level rise deformational effects of land ice change, and vertical and presents the committee's projections for 2030, land motions.
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