Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies (2012) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Current and Prospective Missions to Icy Bodies of Astrobiological Interest
Appendix B: Current and Prospective Missions to Icy Bodies of Astrobiological Interest
Pages 64-69
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From page 64... ...
Flagship missions to the outer solar system continue to be a high priority both within the NASA strategic plan and in the planetary science decadal surveys, 1,2,3 but they will be cost-constrained and somewhat less ambitious than in the past and probably less frequent. This distinction between flagship and competed missions is important because competed missions are typically selected only approximately 3 to 4 years prior to launch.
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From page 65... ...
The combination of this controlled end-of-mission scenario, along with standard clean-assembly procedures, selective application of dry-heat microbial reduction, and the sterilizing effect of the jovian radiation environment, would allow JEO to meet planetary protection requirements. The integrated cost of these requirements, while not a primary driver of the mission budget, is nonetheless significant.
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From page 66... ...
When a Europa mission is flown, a key aspect of mission affordability will be adoption of the streamlined planetary protection decision framework recommended in this report. ENCELADUS The 2011 planetary science decadal survey also recommended that NASA consider studying a flagship mission to Enceladus (Box B.2)
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From page 67... ...
Science Objectives Key Parameters • Explore Titan as an Earth-like system • Model Payload • Examine the organic chemistry of Titan's atmosphere – High-Resolution Imager and Spectrometer • Explore Enceladus and Saturn's magnetosphere for clues – T itan Penetrating Radar and Altimeter – Polymer Mass Spectrometer, Sub-Millimeter to Titan's origin and evolution • Key science issues addressed: Spectrometer, Thermal Infrared Spectrometer – Exploring organic-rich environments – Magnetometer, Energetic Particle Spectrometer, – Determining the origin and evolution of satellite Langmuir Probe, Plasma Spectrometer – Radio Science and Accelerometers systems – Understanding dynamic planetary processes • In Situ Elements: Balloon and Lake Lander • Radioisotope Power Sources: 5 ASRGs + 1 MMRTG • Launch Mass: 6,203 kg • Launch Date: 2020 (on Atlas V 551) Gravity-Assist Solar Electric Propulsion • Orbit: 1500 km Titan Orbit + Saturn Tour Including Enceladus Flybys cost or technical reasons.
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From page 68... ...
Planetary protection planning for Triton would thus focus on ensuring that a Neptune Orbiter was developed with appropriate safeguards, including standard clean assembly, bioburden assays, and selective dry-heat microbial reduction. As with the Europa, Enceladus, and Titan missions, it is possible that future Discovery or New Frontiers mis sions may propose investigation of the Neptune/Triton system, and these may represent earlier launch opportunities than would be possible within a flagship mission paradigm.
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From page 69... ...
8 . National Research Council, Vision and Voyages of Planetary Science in the Decade 2013-2022, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2011.
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