Nuclear Physics Exploring the Heart of Matter (2013) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
4 Global Nuclear Science
4 Global Nuclear Science
Pages 186-208
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 186... ...
Other countries, especially those in the European Union, also support both facilities and programs in nuclear science. Below is a brief description of some of the major nuclear science programs and research facilities found in these countries.
|
From page 187... ...
238) , wide range stability, nuclear stopping and of rare isotope matter, nuclear reacceleration beams astrophysics, of radioactive and fundamental beams to 3 A MeV symmetries with and 12 A MeV, radioactive beams.
|
From page 188... ...
. flexibility upgrade, including a new linac SCREX-ISOLDE, a superconducting upgrade to the REX-ISOLDE experiment GANIL Heavy ions (12 ≤ 95 A MeV Nuclear structure, 370 SPIRAL2 Caen, France A ≤ 130)
|
From page 189... ...
X-ray generation. RIKEN, RIBF Heavy ions 345 A MeV Superheavy element 500 A slow radioactive Wako, Saitama, d≤A≤U physics.
|
From page 190... ...
Tri-University Protons 500 MeV Nuclear 600 Deuterated Meson Facility astrophysics. scintillator array Radioactive ions 6 A MeV (TRIUMF)
|
From page 191... ...
It is presently undergoing an upgrade to add accelerated fission fragments from a 1-curie californium source. The NSCL is a coupled superconducting cyclotron facility that produces heavy ion beams up to 200 A MeV that are used to produce rare isotope beams by fragmentation.
|
From page 192... ...
As noted below, many countries around the world have made or are making significant investments in this area to provide accelerators to produce rare isotope beams. These rare isotopes open a new window on nuclear structure and have suggested that the concepts and paradigms developed from data with stable nuclei are often only a projection of a more general theory onto a small subset of nuclei whose only distinction is that they were the first to be studied.
|
From page 193... ...
The Institute for Nuclear Theory (INT) at the University of Washington serves as a national center for theoretical nuclear science research.
|
From page 194... ...
The exist ing GSI accelerator system, consisting of the UNILAC linear accelerator and the SIS18 synchrotron, will be used as the injectors to the FAIR accelerator complex. The GSI experimental storage ring ESR is planned to be available for experiments until construction of the new storage ring NESR begins after the completion of the Modularized Start Version.
|
From page 195... ...
Upon completion, the FAIR accelerator complex can support up to five experimental programs simultaneously with beams of different ion species in parallel operation. This unique feature is made possible by an optimal balance in the use of accumulator, collector, and experimental storage rings.
|
From page 196... ...
The facility will yield radioactive ion beams in the mass range A = 60 to 140, with intensities that will be unique in the world for some species. These beams will be available at energies ranging from a few keV/A at the new experimental hall for low-energy exotic nuclei up to 20 A MeV at the existing GANIL experimental areas, where a suite of next-generation detectors will be used to detect gamma-rays, charged particles, and neutrons.
|
From page 197... ...
is primarily a nuclear physics facility at CERN that produces radioactive beams through fission, spallation, and fragmentation reactions induced by 1.4-GeV protons from the CERN Proton Synchrotron Booster for research in nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics, and fundamental physics. With several decades of accumulated experience in target and ion-source knowledge, ISOLDE has extracted and separated about 700 different isotopes of more than 70 elements, which is by far the largest number of isotopes to be available for users at any ISOL facility in the world.
|
From page 198... ...
Besides performing dedicated research in nuclear science and its applica tions, these facilities and a suite of smaller laboratories, often located at universities, play an important role in educating the next generation of nuclear scientists and in the development and testing of devices to be used at the large-scale facilities. The lepton beam facilities include the Microtron Accelerator for X-rays (MAX)
|
From page 199... ...
is a proposed high-energy laser research facility of the European Union to be constructed by 2016 in Bucharest, Romania. Based on a linear electron accelerator, the Doppler shift of Comptonbackscattered laser photons off relativistic electrons is used to generate a highenergy gamma-ray beam for basic research in nuclear structure and applications.
|
From page 200... ...
The two main streams of nuclear theory research in Japan continue the Japa nese tradition of excellence in many-body theory. The first area, the many-body physics of quarks and gluons, is very strong and growing as a consequence of experimental programs at RHIC and the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Com plex (J-PARC)
|
From page 201... ...
Japan supports two important programs with the United States in nuclear theory: the RBRC, with its focus on QCD, and the Japan-U.S. Theory Institute for Physics with Exotic Nuclei (JUSTIPEN)
|
From page 202... ...
Today, the nuclear theory effort in China is considerably smaller than the one in Japan, with most of the nuclear theorists at the Institute of Nuclear Science, the Institute of High-Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Center for Theoretical Physics, Peking University, and Tsinghua University, all in Beijing, as well as Huazhong Normal University in Wuhan and Fudan University in Shanghai. The rapid growth of Chinese university research and ever-increasing contact with foreign research -- including support of active theory collaborations with theorists in the United States, Germany, and Japan, and experimentalists at major foreign
|
From page 203... ...
The higher energy linac will be built to accelerate both RIBs from the first part of the facility and high-intensity stable beams from a superconducting linac injector. Following the high energy linac, a fragmentation beam line will be set up to collect radioactive ions produced either from the accelerated RIBs or stable beams.
|
From page 204... ...
An upgrade project began in 2009 to improve the system reliability and to develop the capability to produce radioactive ion beams. CANADA AND LATIN AMERICA Nuclear science in Canada has a rich history that dates from Rutherford's early work at McGill University.
|
From page 205... ...
A broad research program has been established there, which will continue to make Canada an international leader in the field. Nuclear science has a long tradition in Latin America, where research programs were initiated more than a half century ago.
|
From page 206... ...
and in the development and implementa tion of nuclear science applications for their own use. In Brazil one of the major investments is a new radioactive ion beam facility (RIBRAS)
|
From page 207... ...
Meanwhile at RHIC, detector and luminosity upgrades are proceeding that, together with the flexibility to vary collision systems and energies over a wide range, will give RHIC researchers many advantages in the systematic investigation of the properties of quark-gluon plasma in varied regimes. A major research focus for nuclear science worldwide lies in the development of facilities to produce and study the exotic nuclei that nature makes during catastrophic events such as a supernova.
|
From page 208... ...
Fitting naturally into a new underground laboratory would be the U.S.-led Majorana experiment to measure neutrinoless double-beta decay and an accelerator laboratory for low-energy nuclear astrophysics, which would further unravel the details of stellar evolution. Over the years, U.S.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.