Sea-Level Change (1990) / Chapter Skim
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2 North Atlantic Sea Level and Circulation
2 North Atlantic Sea Level and Circulation
Pages 52-62
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From page 52... ...
the western boundary, north of Cape Hatteras. Along the eastern boundary, a statistically significant relationship is obtained between sea level and Ekman pumping of the North Atlantic.
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From page 53... ...
(cm) GULF OF MAINE AND SCOTIAN SHELF Halifax 44.7 63.6 300 Yarmouth 43.8 66.1 95 Bar Harbour 44.4 68.2 307 Portland 43.7 70.3 312 Portsmouth 43.1 70.8 228 Boston 42.4 71.1 312 Cape Cod 41.8 70.5 235 MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT Nantucket 41.3 Woods Hole 41.5 Buzzards Bay 41.7 Newport 41.5 New London 41.4 Montauk 41.1 Sandy Hook 40.5 Atlantic City 39.4 Cape May 39.0 Lewes Harbour 38.8 Kiptopeke Beach 37.2 Virginia Beach 36.9 70.1 70.7 70.6 71.3 72.1 72.0 74.0 74.4 75.0 75.1 76.0 76.0 125 272 229 302 300 283 312 294 84 276 280 102 SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT Morehead City 34.7 76.7 110 Charleston 32.8 79.9 312 Fort Pulaski 32.0 80.9 288 Mayport 30.4 81.4 300 Miami 25.8 80.1 276 4.3 4.1 5.5 4.3 4.4 3.3 3.9 5.0 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.0 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.0 4.1 3.1 5.0 3.8 6.0 5.2 4.7 4.0 6.0 5.1 5.8 4.8 5.9 5.1 4.6 4.5 EASTERN BOUNDARY OF NORTH ATLANTIC Newlyn 50.1 5.6 312 7.0 3.1 Note: All data was for the period 1950 to 1975; the exact coverage can be obtained from the data publications of the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level.
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From page 54... ...
\ OCT · MID - ATLANTIC BIGHT | O GULF OF MAINE · SCOTIAN SHELF . JAN FIGURE 2.2 Amplitude and phase of the annual cycle in observed sea level, north of Cape Hatteras.
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From page 55... ...
show that the initial response of a mid-latitude, baroclinic ocean to an imposed wind stress is essentially barotropic. Away from the western boundary, the quasi-steady barotropic response can be approximated by the bottom-modified Sverdrup relationship, i.e., Jay, f/h)
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From page 56... ...
Roemmich and Wunsch (1984) identified decadal changes in the large scale temperature field of "r: 1 ,.~ r rid Act ~ 1 fit Q 1 14 FIGURE 2.4 Co-rallge lines of the annual cycle of North Atlantic sea level (centimeters)
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From page 57... ...
were still correlated, i.e., the coherent sea-level signal along the eastern boundary could not be explained by local air pressure and wind forcing. The influence of North Atlantic circulation was therefore examined by first calculating a time series of Tie using Eq.
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From page 58... ...
~ Is not In fly. Thus it appears that the North Atlantic circulation does influence sea level along the eastern boundary.
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From page 59... ...
. Apparently, the 59 JUL ~ ~ c \ ~ · ~ | · Ml D - ATLANTIC BIGHT | 3 GULF OF MAINE j · SCOTIAN SHELF ~fJaN _ · ~ _ ~ ~ FIGURE 2.8 As in Figure 2.2 but for the annual cycle in the regression model, i.e., cat and c2, the annual cycle not forced by local air pressure or wind.
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From page 60... ...
Comparison of the time series of sea level and salinity did suggest, however, that density may be important on time scales exceeding 1 yr. SECULAR CHANGES OF SEA LEVEL We have seen that wind stress and air pressure are only small contributors to the interannual changes of sea level along the western boundary of the North Atlantic.
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From page 61... ...
However, the variance of the annual sea-level series from Newlyn (eastern boundary) was reduced significantly by removing the influence of local wind, air pressure, and Ekman pumping of the North Atlantic.
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From page 62... ...
Interseasonal changes of wind stress and Ekman upwelling: North Atlantic, 1950-80, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No.
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