In the Light of Evolution Volume VI: Brain and Behavior (2013) / Chapter Skim
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Index A sonic–vocal pattern generator, 175, 176, 177, 178-185, 187-188, 190, 191 Abbott, Donald P., 54 tetrapods, 150, 175, 176, 177, 181-182, Achaete-scute complex, 65-66 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 191 Acid sensitivity channels, 34 taxonomic analysis, 182 Acoela, 49-50, 52-53 vocal circuitry, 187-188, 189 Acoustic signaling Acropora millepora, 5 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16 call duration, frequency, and amplitude, Actinopterygian fishes, 36, 176, 182, 184, 175, 179, 180, 181, 188, 189 185, 186 central pattern generators, 175, 178-185 Action potentials, 1, 22, 31, 168, 169, 170, comparative studies, 175, 177-178, 182 242 coupling of pectoral–gestural circuitry, Adherens junction, 11 150, 175, 176, 177, 188, 190, 191 Agnathans, 27, 44, 176, 177 coupling of sound production and Alaama, Roula A., 57-58, 75-90 respiration, 181 Ambulacraria, 50 evolutionary origins, 150, 175, 176, 177, Ammon's horn, 218 181-187 Amniotes, 21, 28, 29 fishes, 150, 175-191 Amphimedon queenslandica, 4, 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, hotspots for novel pattern generators, 15, 16 178 Amygdala, 193, 197, 212 musculature and central mechanisms, Anemones, 24, 26 182-185 Annelids, 2, 39, 43, 44, 48, 49, 51, 54, 226 pectoral appendage circuitry, 175, 185- Anomalocaris, 40, 43, 44 188, 190 Apical-basal polarity genes, 11 rhombomere-8 spinal compartment, Aplysia, 163, 171, 172 175, 178, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186-187, Apteronotidae, 31 188-190 Arboreomorphs, 41 shared origins, 182-185, 187-190 Arcila, Mary Luz, 1, 3-19 social context-dependent, 181-182 Arkarua, 39, 40 397
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variability, 107, 110 cortical phenotype and, 103, 105 homologies, 93, 94, 95 neural basis for, 154 Australopithecus, 147 neuroendocrinology, 103 Avalon assemblage, 41 social affiliation, 206 Avise, John C., xiii-xiv tongue licking, 189 Axons β-catenin, 76 arborizations, 71, 138 Bichirs (Polypteriformes) , 36, 184 conduction velocity, 27 Bilaterians cortical connectivity, 138-139 anterior posterior patterning, 47, 48, 49, diameter, 139 53, 54 evolution of centralized nervous brain evolution, 47-48, 49, 50, 51, 54, systems, 51 226, 227 genesis, 68 Cambrian explosion, 42, 43 Hox gene regulation, 71, 72 central neural characters, 49, 50, 51-52 lateral geniculate, 121 clades, 49-50 length, 139, 265 dorsoventral patterning, 47, 48, 53, 72 of motor neurons, 31, 70, 71, 72, 169, Ediacaran, 37, 39-40, 41, 47, 53, 226-227 183, 185-186, 187 genetic basis of body plan, 47-48, 53, 62 myelinated/myelination, 2, 21, 27, 101, Hox genes, 62 233, 276, 277 last common ancestor, 2, 24, 37, 38, 50, Nav clusters at initial segments, 2, 21, 51, 53-54 27, 31 locomotory, 41 olfactory, 213
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, 33 descent with modification, 318-319 Cambrian explosion, 42-44 developmental effects on specialization, Canadaspis, 40, 43 316-321 Cantlon, Jessica F., 252, 293-311 energy cost, 59, 127, 142, 144, 146, 148, Canton, Richard, xvi 270 Capuchin monkeys, 129 independent evolution, 51, 52, 99, 130 Capybara, 129 mammalian radiation, 131 Caribbean spiny lobsters, 226 methodological advances, xvi, 130, 256, Carnivores, 94, 118, 119, 122, 220, 221, 225, 257 263 ontogenic tuning and module Castor gene, 68 spawning, 317-318 Catania, Kenneth C., 151, 229-249 reaction norms, 316-317, 318-319 Catarrhines, 274 small-world networks, 138-139 Catfish, 177, 187, 188 tripartite brain hypothesis, 37, 47, 48, Cathaymyrus, 43 49, 53, 54 Cats, 101, 119, 124 Brain size (see also individual structures and Caudal hindbrain, 175, 176, 178, 179, 180, areas) 181, 182, 183, 184, 187 body size and, 144-146, 147, 257 Cebus monkeys, 99 cell cycle exit delay and, 75, 76, 79 Cell cycle exit, 75, 76, 79 and cognitive ability, 59, 128-129, 138, Cell lineage tracing, 66 140, 141, 326-328 Centipedes, 66, 73 coordination among areas, 58
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cell cycle exit, 75, 76, 79 Cambrian explosion, 42-44 FGF2 effects, 57-58, 75-90 cephalic neural ganglia, 2, 51, 52, 54 folding, 57-58, 75, 76, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, cladistic analysis, 44-46, 47, 49-50 90 comparative approaches, 37, 44-53 laminar disruptions, 58, 75, 76, 77, 81, diffuse nerve nets, 2, 7, 37, 48, 50-52, 82, 83, 84, 85, 88 53-54 mantle zone, 79 Ediacaran biota, 37, 39-40, 41, 47, 53 persistence of FGF2-induced alterations, fossil record, 38-44, 46, 53 79 genetic basis of bilaterian body plan, pia mater thinning/holes, 58, 75, 76, 77, 47-48 80, 81, 83, 86-87, 88 last common bilaterian ancestor, 37, proliferative zone fraction (PZF) , 78, 79, 53-54 85, 89 molecular clock hypothesis, 37, 38, radial thickness, 78-80 46-47, 53 ventricular surface area, 78-79, 80, 81 outgroup analysis of metazoan central volume, 77, 80 neural characters, 37, 45-46, 47-48, Chimpanzees, 94, 128, 129, 130, 141, 142, 49-53, 54 145, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258-259, phenetics, 44, 45, 46 261, 262, 266, 268, 270, 328, 330, 332 subepidermal nerve plexuses, 50-51 Chiropterans, 222, 223 (see also Bats)
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, Diencephalon-tegmentum, 77 33 Dinomischus, 40, 44 Comparative studies Dobzhansky, Theodosius, xiii, xiv acoustic signaling, 175, 177-178, 182 Dolphins centralized nervous systems, 37, 44-53 echolocation, 221, 263 cerebral cortex, 128, 132, 136, 137, 138, pectoral fin, 97, 98 139 Doridacea, 155, 156, 160, 163, 164, 165, 166 FOXP2 gene, 262-264 Doushantuo Formation, 39, 53 genomics, 253, 258-266 Drosophila molecular biology, 254-256 D melanogaster, 5, 6, 8, 16, 62, 213 neurobiological investigations, 256-257 decapentapelgic (dpp)
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From page 402... ...
402 / Index Echolocation, 109, 221, 222, 223, 263 Fire, 147 Ectoderm, 48, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 71, Fishes 73, 74, 108 acoustic signaling, 150, 175-191 Ediacaran biota caudal hindbrain rhombomere-8 spinal bilaterians, 37, 39-40, 41, 47, 53, 226-227 compartment, 175, 188-190 centralized nervous system escape response, 229, 230, 244-247 development, 37, 39-40, 41, 47, 53 FOXP2 orthologs, 262-263 fossil record, 39-42 pectoral appendage, 97, 98, 150, 175, morphological complexity, 39-41 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184, 185-188, phylogeny, 41-42 190, 191 Egyptian fruit bats, 222 sonic mechanisms, 178-181 Eimer's organs, 231, 232, 233, 239, 240, 241, swim bladder, 177, 178-179, 184, 187-188 243 Flabellina, 156, 158, 171 Elasmobranchs, 36, 176 Flatworms, 39, 49, 50, 51, 52 Eldonia, 40, 43 Foraging behavior (see also Star-nosed Electric fish, 21-22, 30, 31-32, 36, 188 moles; Tentacled snakes) Elephants, 128, 141, 263 optimal foraging theory, 151, 229, 230, Energy 235, 238, 239 content of foods, 147, 227 FOXP2 gene cost of brains, 59, 127, 142, 144, 146, 148, comparative genomics, 253, 262-264 270 discovery, 259-261 efficiency adaptations, 21-22, 31, 35-36, expression and sequencing studies, 236-237, 239, 269-270 262-264 genes for aerobic metabolism, 269-270 in human evolution, 253, 261-262, Nav channels and, 21-22, 31, 35-36 264-265 profitability of prey, 151, 229, 230, 235, mouse model of human evolution, 238, 239 264-265 Enteropneust hemichordates, 43, 48, 51 mouse model of R552H substitution, Entoprocts, 44, 52 264 Eoporpita, 39, 40 and phenotype, 26-270 Epithelial gene networks, 6, 11-12, 15 regulation of gene expression by, 265-266 Erniettomorphs, 41 Freise, Amanda C., 57-58, 75-90 Euarchontoglires, 114 Frogs Euctenidiacea, 155, 156, 160-161 optic tectum, 58, 124 Eulipotyphla, 133, 136 vocalizations, 177, 181, 184 Fugu, 33 F G Feeding appendages, 74 Galagos, 121, 123 cooked foods, 147, 148 Ganglia, 2, 50-51, 52, 54, 67, 68, 260-261, Ferrets, 107 262, 265 FGF2 Ganglion mother cells, 66, 68 and cell cycle rate, 85 Garter snake–newt system, 33-34 effects on chick optic tectum, 57-58, 75-90 Gastropods, 51, 52, 153, 154, 155, 157 lamination, folding, and pial integrity Gene expression networks changes, 79-84 bilaterian body plans, 47-48, 62-63 and neurogenesis, 76, 85, 87, 89 conserved, 3, 4, 11, 14, 54, 61, 62, 65, 73, persistence of alterations, 79 74, 104, 106, 142, 225-226 and tectal progenitor pool, 77-79 coregulation and modality analysis, 3, Field sparrows (Spizella pusilla)
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, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70 71, Hermissenda, 156, 158, 171 72 Hexabranchus sanguineus, 160, 162 and vertebrate forelimb development, Hindbrain (see Caudal hindbrain) 106, 322-323 Hippocampus, 150, 211, 212, 216, 218, 219, Huang, Johnny C., 57-58, 75-90 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 228 Human brain Hitzig, Eduard, xvi cerebral cortex, 127, 128, 134-135, 140 Homeobox gene superfamily, 47, 48, 106 cognitive advantage, 140-141 (see also Hox genes)
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H., xv-xvi, 59, 256-57 Hypothalamus, 194, 197, 203, 207-208, 262 L I Lagerstätten, 38, 42, 44 Lagomorphs, 114, 117 Independent evolution, xvi-xvii, 51, 52, 99, Lampreys, 27, 28, 44 113, 124-125 Language (see also Speech) large brains, 130, 131 ape-language projects, 258 Inferior olive, 178, 182, 185, 188-189, 262 auditory and visual integration, 251, Insectivores, 132, 135, 136, 137, 220, 221, 274, 278, 279, 283, 285, 288-291 236, 238 brain areas, 251, 261, 273-274, 276, 278, Insects 279, 283, 285, 289, 325-326, 330-331 motor circuits, 71 brain size and, xv NAV channels, 2, 35, 36 developmental processes and, 316, 318 neurogenesis, 65, 66, 67 319, 332 olfactory system, 213, 216, 226 evolution from generalized precursors, resistance to pesticides, 35, 36 324, 330 similarities with vertebrate and annelid genes, 111, 251, 253, 259, 260, 261, 262, nervous systems, 2, 72-74 267 Interneurons, 31, 68, 70, 167-168, 172, 173 reaction norms and, 323 Inversion hypothesis, 48 and runaway evolutionary processes, Invertebrates 325 Nav channels, 21, 25, 26, 27-28, 33, 34, and symbolic math, 252 35 vocal vs.
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Motor cortex, 99, 101, 102, 105-106, 111, 113, bilateria, 41 115, 122-123, 190, 317 coupling of vocal circuitry, 175 Motor neurons crawling, 155, 157 apoptosis, 70, 71 mucociliary, 155, 157 arthropods, 69, 70, 71 Lophotrochozoans, 44 axons, 31, 70, 71, 72, 169, 183, 185-186, Lungfish, 31, 36, 176, 185, 186 187 Luteinizing hormone, 103, 194 genesis, 68, 71 and hand morphology, 99 Hox gene regulation, 57, 69, 70, 71-72 M locomotion, 69, 70, 71, 171-172, 185-186, 187, 188, 190 Macaque monkeys, 94, 99, 101, 102, 116, mapping, 185-186 117, 120, 121, 123-124, 190, 251, 254, ventral horn, 99 255, 257, 261, 262, 270, 273, 274, 275, vertebrates, 71-72 276, 277, 281, 283, 285, 286, 289, 290, vocal and sonic, 149, 150, 177, 181, 182, 291, 184, 187 Malacostracans, 66 Myelin/myelination, 2, 21, 27, 101, 233, Mammals 276, 277 acoustic communication, 181, 190 Myllokunmingia, 44 brain relationships across orders, 128, Myriapods, 66, 67 72-73 129, 130, 132, 138 Mysids, 65 cell cycle exit, 76 321 cortical evolution in, 75, 76, 88, 91-111 neocortical folding, 88 N outgroup analysis, 48 sonic pectoral signaling, 190 Naked mole rats (Heterocephalus glaber) , 22, Marble crayfish, 64 34, 36 Marrella, 40, 43 Nama assemblage, 41 Mathematics (see Numerical cognition)
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, 77, 79, connectional studies, 101 85, 89 cross-species phenotypic variability, timing, 79 93-100, 121 Neurons (see also Motor neurons) development of functional organization, auditory cortex, 119 124-125 energy cost, 142-144 domains, 94-95 113, 122-124 giant Mauthner cells, 244 extrinsic factors affecting phenotypic isotropic fractionator enumeration variability, 95, 107-110 method, 59, 130, 132 folding, 88 neocortex minicolumns, 114-115, 116, genetic basis of phenotypic variability, 117-119 92, 93, 104-107, 111 number, 76, 101, 103, 130-132 homologies, 93 orientation-selective, 118-119 human, 114 premotor, 149, 175, 176, 178, 182, 188, mammalian phylogenetic relationships, 189, 190, 191 94 scaling rules for brain size, 130-132 134 mice, 88, 101, 103-104, 106, 107, 120 135, 140, 141, 142, 145 minicolumns, 58, 113, 114-125 somatotopic maps, 119 modules, 58, 101, 114, 118-121, 124-125 visual cortex, 116, 117-119 olfactory perception, 213-214 vocal pacemaker, 179, 180-181, 182, 183, phenotypic variability in mammals, 184, 188 91-111 Neurotransmitters, 22, 68, 265 pia matter, 77 Neutral theory of molecular evolution, 46 position-dependent selection, 124-125 New World monkeys, 94, 99, 120, 121, 123, primates, 76, 100, 101-103, 113-125 274, 283 progenitor proliferation, 88 New York University, vii rats, 76, 119-120 Newcomb, James M., 149, 153-174 representations of stimulus orientations, Newts, 22, 36 (see also Garter snake–newt 118-119 system)
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From page 407... ...
, 156, 157, 221-223 158, 159, 162, 163 mechanosensory systems integration, neural circuits, 166-172 216, 218, 226 phylogenetic distribution, 163 navigation function, 150, 211, 212, 213, taxonomy, 158-161 214-217, 218-220, 222, 223-224, 225, Numerical cognition 226-227, 228 amodal representations, 307 parallel map theory, 216-218, 219 analog representations as sole predatory strategy and, 220-223, 225 precursors of, 302-306 rats, 219, 220 analogical reasoning, 307 reptiles, 224-225 arithmentic, 299-301 size of olfactory bulb, 150-151, 211, 212, automatic cross-activation, 307-308 213, 219, 220, 222 comparison of values, 297-299 Olfactory bulb correlational and statistical associations, adult neurogenesis in, 222 306-307 size considerations, 150-151, 211, 212, evolutionary history and, 308 213, 219, 222 math IQ origins, 293, 308-311 Olfactory perception, 213-216 oldest numbers, 295-301 Olfactory spatial hypothesis, 150, 211, 216, representation, 295-297 218-219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, symbols, 301-302 227, 228 Onychophoran worms, 44 Opabinia, 40, 43 O Opisthobranchia, 154, 155, 157, 163, 171, 173 Odontogriphus, 40, 44 Opossums, 94, 100, 107 Ohno, Susumu, 28 Optic tectum (see also Chick optic tectum) Old World monkeys, 94, 99, 120, 121, 122, frogs, 58, 124 123, 276, 283, 285 species differences in size, 77 Olenoides, 40, 43 tentacle snake, 242, 243 Olfaction Optimal foraging theory, 151, 229, 230, 235, allocation of perception and attention, 238, 239 214 Orangutans, 145, 234 arthropods, 213, 216, 225-226 Ottoia, 40, 43 axons, 213 Otx genes, 47 bats, 220, 221, 222-223, 226 Outgroup analysis of metazoan central birds, 219, 223-224 neural characters, 37, 45-46, 47-48, chemosensory receptors, 213, 218 49-53, 54
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From page 408... ...
Parhyale sp., 63, 73 olfaction and, 220-223, 225 Parrots, 76 Prefrontal cortex, 137, 251, 289, 310, 329, Patel, Nipam H., 57, 61-74 331 (see also Ventral prefrontal Pax genes, 47 cortex) PDM gene, 68 Premotor cortex, 115, 122, 123, 180, 190, Pectoral appendages, 150, 175, 176, 177, 274, 276, 283 185-188, 190, 191 Premotor-motor circuitry, 175, 176, 178, Peking University, viii 183, 184, 191 Phenocopy approach, 76 Preuss, Todd M., 251, 253-271 Phenotypic variability Priapulid worms, 42, 43 and behavior, 92 Primates comparative genomics and, 254-256 brain–body scaling, 145-146 cross-species, 93-100 brain size, 128, 129, 132, 134-135, 136, discovery approach, 269 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 extended phenotype, 91, 92, 93 cerebral cortex, 132, 136, 137, 138, 139, extrinsic factors, 107-110 140 genes and, 92, 93, 104-107, 111, 266-270 glia/neuron ratio, 142, 143 mammalian cortical evolution, 91-111 hand, 99, 101 morphology, 92, 93, 97-98 neocortex, 76, 99, 101, 113-125 targets of selection, 92-93 number of neurons, 141 within-species, 100-104 Princeton University, vii Pheromones, 34 Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)
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Sackler Colloquium methods, 209-210 Sackler, Jillian, vii, viii neurochemical signals, 193, 197-204, Sakurai, Akira, 149, 153-174 205-206 Salamanders, 52 plasticity, 205, 208 Salmon, 185, 187, 225 species-specific territorial behavior, 201Saltatory conduction, 27 203, 207-208 Sarcopterygian fishes, 36, 176, 182, 185, 186 Speech (see also Language) Scandentia, 134-135, 133, 137, 143 audiovisual integration, 252, 273, Schistocerca, 73 288-291 Schizocosa, 73 brain areas, 267, 273, 288-291 Schizophrenia, vii FOXP2 gene and, 253, 259, 260, 261, 262, Schrock, Sara E., 150, 193-210 266-267 Sculpin, 182, 184, 187-188 gesture integration, 190, 289, 290 Sea robins, 184, 187-188 homologs in other primates, 330 Sea turtles, 224-225, 226 perception, 252, 289 Seelke, Adele M
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From page 410... ...
vacuolar ATPase complex, 5, 9, 10, 11, bat touch domes, 98, 109, 110-111 15 whiskers, 97, 120, 233 vesicles, 4, 5, 9, 10, 13 Transcription factors, 5, 62, 68, 104, 105, 106, 109, 256, 260, 264 Trapania velox, 160, 161, 166 T Tree shrews, 114, 117, 118, 119, 122 Trilobites, 39, 40, 43, 54 Tambja eliora, 157, 161 Triopha, 156, 161, 171 Taxonomic analysis, acoustic signaling, 182 Tripartite brain hypothesis, 37, 47, 48, 49, Tectum (see Chick optic tectum) 53, 54 Telencephalon Tritonia diomedea, 153, 159, 162, 166, 167, navigation function, 225 168, 171 neurogenesis, 21, 35, 76, 85, 89 parrots and songbirds, 76 size/volume, 76, 77, 225 U Teleosts hindbrain segmentation, 178 Ultrabithorax (Ubx)
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From page 411... ...
283-286 central pattern generators, 175 connectivity with cortical visual circuitry, 187-188, 189 processing regions, 277-278 coupling of sound production and cytoarchitectonic organization, 276-277 respiration, 175, 181, 182 functional studies, 279-288 Voltage-gated sodium (Na+ or Nav) multisensory responses in, 286-288 channels organization, 274-276 adaptive evolution, 21-22, 28, 31-35 visual processing, 279-282 at axon initial segments, 2, 21, 27, 31 Ventromedial hypothalamus, 194, 197, 203, and computation ability, 21, 31, 35-36 207 and energy, 21-22, 31, 35-36 Vernanimalcula, 39, 53 function, 21 Vertebrates gene duplication in teleosts and bmp-4 gene, 48 tetrapods, 21, 27-31, 35-36 hindbrain segmental blueprint, 176-178 genes for 6TM family, 22-26 homologies in gene expression patterns, and insecticide resistance, 22, 35 2 invertebrates, 21, 25, 26, 27-28, 33, 34, 35 motor neurons, 71-72 at nodes of Ranvier, 2, 21, 27 olfactory system, 213, 219 maximum likelihood phylogeny, 25 phylogeny, 176 and proton insensitivity, 21-22, 34 Vetulicolians, 43, 44 structure, 24-25 Vimentin, 82, 87, 90 and tetrodotoxin resistance, 2, 21-22, Visual acuity, 244 32-34 Visual cortex in weakly electric fish, 21-22, 30-32, 36 auditory connections, 94, 107, 244 vertebrates, 2, 28 in blind mole rats, 58, 93, 107 blobs and interblobs, 58, 116-117 color selective domain, 103, 124 W cross-species variability, 93, 94, 95 hue-selective subregions, 119 Waddington, Conrad, 77 middle temporal crescent, 115, 118 Weber's law, 294, 296, 297, 302, 304, 309, neuron number/density, 103 324 Whales, 128, 141, 263
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From page 412... ...
412 / Index White-footed mice, 103-104 Y White Sea assemblage, 41 Wilson, Leah C., 150, 193-210 Yunnanozoans, 43-44 Wnt/planar polarity genes, 11 Yunnanozoon, 43 X Z Xenocoelmorphs, 50, 51, 52 Zakon, Harold H., 1-2, 21-36 Xenopus Zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) , 177, 195, chordin (chd)
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