Contagion of Violence Workshop Summary (2013) / Chapter Skim
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3 Processes and Mechanisms of the Contagion of Violence
3 Processes and Mechanisms of the Contagion of Violence
Pages 17-27
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A well-known paradigm in public health called the Haddon Matrix (see Figure 3-1) , which is a model used to conceptualize injuries and injury prevention, was described by speaker Jeffrey Victoroff of the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine.
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The panel also explored the potential application of this discussion to possible interventions, using the knowledge presented. In explaining the importance of this, moderator Robert Ursano of the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences noted several examples in which understanding the mechanism clearly maximized the impact of the most effective intervention, including child neglect in military families and reducing suicide by addressing anxiety versus depression.
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Huesmann also noted that if such excitation is accompanied by provocation or other situation likely to result in anger, then the arousal experienced by observing violence is likely to include anger, thus heightening the excitatory response. Mimicry and Imitation Mimicry involves copying behavior of someone with whom one identifies.
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Dr. Huesmann referred to this observational learning as a complex process potentially specific to the higher intellectual functioning of intelligent mammals, because it is not simply a biological response, but also an emotional and cognitive one.
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So, rather than always encouraging prosocial behavior, it actually heightens existing tendencies. Speaker Jamil Zaki of Stanford University highlighted an example of someone with borderline personality disorder being less trusting under the influence of oxytocin.
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Upon being asked to rate the faces again, the responses of the participants changed, at a statistically significant level, so as to conform to the opinions of their peers. He also noted that this change occurred not just at a superficial level, but also at a deeper level in which participants truly believed in their new opinions, as observed by viewing whether the structures of the brain responding to facial attractiveness were activated (Zaki et al., 2011)
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Addressing gossip to protect reputation Social Influence and Intersectionality At the macro level, factors within society influence not only how and when violence occurs, but also how it might be transmitted. Speaker Anita Raj of the University of California, San Diego, discussed the interaction of multiple social factors in the context of intimate partner violence.
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But, despite interventions that might seek to empower women, violence might not necessarily be reduced because of the other contextual factors involving perpetrators, norms around behavior, other inequities such as lack of education or increased substance abuse, and other structural issues.
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Dr. Huesmann speculated that inoculating children against developing negative schemas and scripts and instead teaching prosocial and compassionate scripts would result in decreased uptake of observed violence.
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. • Important social processes and group dynamics could explain increase risk of violence (Huesmann, Raj, Wilkinson, Zaki)
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2008. Violent youths' responses to high levels of exposure to community violence: What violent events reveal about youth violence.
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