Recommended Dietary Allowances 10th Edition (1989) / Chapter Skim
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Other Substances in Food
Other Substances in Food
Pages 262-272
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From page 262... ...
Most of these substances can be synthesized in the human body in adequate amounts to meet biological needs and, thus, are not essential dietary nutrients. Examples include fatty acids, such as oleic, stearic, and palmitic acids; glycerol; free nonessential amino acids, such as glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid; glucose and various less common sugars, such as pentoses and galactose; and derivatives and polymers of sugars.
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From page 263... ...
have pharmacological effects. NUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL FOR SOME HIGHER ANIMALS BUT NOT PROVED TO BE REQUIRED BY NORMAL HUMANS Choline Choline has been known to be present in mammalian tissues since it was first discovered and isolated from hog bile in 1862 (Strecker, 1862~.
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From page 264... ...
For full-term infants, differences in plasma and urine levels were also observed between those fed human milk and those fed taurinedeficient formulas (Gaull, 1 982; Tarvenpaa et al., 1 982~. Yet, whether taurine is a dietary essential nutrient remains equivocal, since even in the premature infant, taurine supplementation did not ororl~e 1 ~ - -- rip changes in growth, nitrogen retention, or general metabolism (]
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From page 265... ...
Deficiency of this substance appears to be characterized by a family of syndromes with a broad range of signs and symptoms that include progressive muscle weakness with lipid infiltration of the skeletal muscle and reduced muscle carnitine concentration, cardiomyopathy, severe hypoglycemia, elevated blood ammonia concentrations, and reduced ability to increase ketogenesis on fasting. Carnitine deficiency can also occur in conjunction with a variety of other conditions, such as organic aciduria, or with chronic hemodialysis of renal patients, long-term total parenteral nutrition, and treatment with valproic acid.
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From page 266... ...
In particular, restoration of nerve conduction velocity has been demonstrated in patients with diabetic neuropathy following the addition of myo-inositol to their diets (Greene et al., 1975; Mayer and Tomlinson, 1983; Winegrad and Greene, 19761. The importance of these studies for normal humans has not been established, so no RDA for myo-inositol can be established.
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From page 267... ...
. Caclmium, Lead, Lithium, Tin, and Vanadium Depressed growth, Impaired reproductive performance, and other changes have been reported in laboratory animals fed diets extremely low in these elements and kept in an environment allowing the strictest control of contamination (Nielsen, 1988~.
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From page 268... ...
and for the induction of intestinal maturation in the rat (Dufour et al., 19881. Several recent studies have shown various immunologic suppression and metabolic effects of several dietary nucleotides in human infants and laboratory animals (DeLucchi et al., 1987; Kulkarni et al., 1987~.
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From page 269... ...
and any other herbs, growth factors, enzymes, hormones, trace elements, or other compounds called vitamins or minerals not mentioned elsewhere in this report (Briggs and Calloway, 1984; Shils and Young, 1988~. REFERENCES AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics)
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From page 270... ...
1983. Prevention of defects of anoxal transport and nerve conduction velocity by oral administration of myo-inositol or an aldose reductase inhibitor in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
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From page 271... ...
1978. Choline metabolism in the human term placenta studies on de novo synthesis and the effects of' some drugs on the metabolic fate of [N-methyl-3H]
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