Optics and Photonics Essential Technologies for Our Nation (2013) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Summary
Summary
Pages 1-12
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
Solar power generation and new efficient lighting, for example, could transform the energy landscape, and new optical capabilities will be essential to supporting the continued exponential growth of the Internet. ptics and pho O tonics technology development and applications have substantially increased across the globe over the past several years.
|
From page 2... ...
GRAND CHALLENGE QUESTIONS TO FILL TECHNOLOGICAL GAPS To fill identified technological gaps in pursuit of national needs and na tional competitiveness, the committee developed five overarching grand challenge questions: 1.
|
From page 3... ...
Optics and photonics technologies used synergistically for a laser strike fighter or a high-altitude platform can provide comprehensive knowledge over an area, the communications links to download that information, an ability to strike targets at the speed of light, and the ability to robustly defend against missile attack. Clearly this technological opportunity could act as a focal point for several of the areas in optics and photonics (such as camera development, high-powered lasers, free-space communication, and many more)
|
From page 4... ...
The committee believes that these five grand challenges are the top priorities in their respective application areas, and that because of their diverse nature, further prioritization among them is not advisable. These grand challenge questions are discussed in the main text immediately after the first key recommendation that supports the challenge and are drawn from the findings and recommendations throughout the report.
|
From page 5... ...
A national photonics initiative would identify critical technical priorities for long-term federal R&D funding. In addition to offering a basis for coordinating federal spending across agencies, such an initiative could provide matching funds for industry-led research consortia (of users, producers, and material and equipment suppliers)
|
From page 6... ...
The development of better historical and current data collection and analysis is another task for which a national photonics initiative is well suited. K ey Recommendation: The committee recommends that the proposed na tional photonics initiative spearhead a collaborative effort to improve the collection and reporting of R&D and economic data on the optics and pho tonics sector, including the development of a set of North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)
|
From page 7... ...
Optical connections within and between data centers will be increasingly important in allowing data centers to scale in capacity. The committee believes that strong partnering between users, content providers, and network providers, as well as between businesses, government, and university researchers, is needed for ensuring that the necessary optical technology is generated, which will support continued U.S.
|
From page 8... ...
Even though significant progress is being made toward reducing the cost of solar energy, it is important that the United States bring the cost of solar energy down to the price of other current alternatives without subsidy and maintains a significant U.S. role in developing and manufacturing solar energy alternatives.
|
From page 9... ...
For example, the DOE could move aggressively toward its 21st-century lightbulb, with greater than 150 lm/W, a color rendering index greater than 90, and a color temperature of approximately 2800 K Since one major company has already published results meeting the technical requirements for the 21st-century lightbulb, the DOE should consider releasing this competition in 2012.
|
From page 10... ...
Chapter 8: Advanced Photonic Measurements and Applications Chapter 8 discusses sensing, imaging, and metrology in relation to optics and photonics. Sensing, imaging, and metrology have made significant progress since the publication of the NRC's Harnessing Light in 1998.4 Notable developments in clude having at least one Nobel Prize awarded for developing dramatic increases in 4 National Research Council.
|
From page 11... ...
Prearranged photonic structures in this context include generation of light with specified quantum states in a given spatiotemporal region, such as squeezed states with greater than 20-dB measured squeezing in one field quadrature, Fock states of more than 10 photons, and states of one and only one photon or two and only two entangled photons with greater than 99 percent probability. These capabilities should be developed with the capacity to detect light with over 99 percent efficiency and with photon-number resolution in various bands of the optical spectrum.
|
From page 12... ...
CONCLUDING COMMENTS In reviewing the technologies considered here, a number of potential future opportunities have come to light that allow one to imagine changes to daily life: for example, electronic imaging devices implantable in the eye which can restore sight to the blind; cost-effective, laser-based, three-dimensional desktop printing of many different types of objects; the generation, detection, and manipulation of single photons in the same way as is done with single electrons, and doing it all on a photonic integrated circuit; the use of optics as interconnects between integrated circuit chips, with dramatic increases in power efficiency and speed; the unfurl ing of a flexible display on a smartphone or the watching of holographic images at home; and the ability of mobile lasers to neutralize threats from afar with high accuracy and speed. These are just a few interesting examples of potential changes that can occur as a result of the enabling technologies considered in this study.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.