Options for Estimating Illegal Entries at the U.S.-Mexico Border (2013) / Chapter Skim
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3 Migration-Relevant Surveys in the United States and Mexico: Background
3 Migration-Relevant Surveys in the United States and Mexico: Background
Pages 39-60
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From page 39... ...
The theory of sampling begins with a target population of observations to be studied: for example, households or individuals about which inferences will be made. The sampling frame is a list of sampling units from which the sample to be actually observed is drawn.
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From page 40... ...
The target population of the ACS is the entire resident population of the United States and Puerto Rico. The sampling frame reflects this target population by identifying all addresses of households for the 2005 ACS and all addresses of both households and group quarters for the ACS since 2006.
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From page 41... ...
The sampling frame is a list of housing addresses obtained from the most recent decennial census and updated with new housing units built after the census. The CPS ASEC also includes military personnel living in off-base housing with civilian adult household members.
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From page 42... ...
No No No No samples Total sample size ~1,204,000 ~97,000 ~2.9 million 120,260 households households dwellings dwellings per per month quarter INCLUDES QUESTIONS ABOUT: Documentation No No No No status at crossing Crossing locations No No No No Number of attempts No No No No Smuggler use No No No No Reasons for No No No Yes migrating Intention to migrate No No No Yesa aAsked of those not currently working. bWeights are estimated; due to the nature of the survey design, their accuracy is difficult to quantify.
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From page 43... ...
MIGRATION-RELEVANT SURVEYS: BACKGROUND 43 ENADID EMIF-N MxFLS MMP MMFRP Yes Yesb Yes No No Mexican Migrants Mexican Sending Sending households passing households communities communities in through in Mexico Mexico Mexican border cities 1992, 1997, Quarterlyc 2002, 2005, Annual Annual 2006, 2009 2009 No No Yes Yes Yes ~40,000- ~14,000 ~35,000- ~600-1,000 ~700-1,000 100,000 respondentsd 40,000 households respondents dwellings respondents Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yese Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
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From page 44... ...
. Most residual estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population take the same broad approach: 1.
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From page 45... ...
First, the United States lacks data on departures from the country, so emigration of legal residents must be estimated using a variety of methods. Second, the DHS and Pew estimates differ in how they handle legal temporary migrants with longer-term visas who appear in the ACS and CPS (such as foreign students and intracompany transfers)
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From page 46... ...
, and country of birth of parents.5 Due to the small sample size of the CPS, there are limitations for measuring year-to-year changes and date of arrival disaggregation. The Pew Hispanic Center has used the CPS to estimate the size of the unauthorized immigrant population residing in the United States for 20002011.6 It does so using a residual methodology (see Box 3-1)
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From page 47... ...
. The long questionnaire includes the questions listed in the short questionnaire, plus a special section on the international migration experiences of household members during the prior 5 years, including those no longer in the household.
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. The sampling frame is INEGI's National Households Frame 2002, which is based on cartographic and demo 10 "Return migrant" refers to a person born in Mexico who lived in the United States before 2005 and returned any time between 2005 and 2010.
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The sampling frame is stratified by socioeconomic status and is designed to reflect national, state, city, and community-size levels.13 Households within dwellings are interviewed five times within a period of 15 months. Each quarter, 20 percent of the dwellings leave the sample after completing the fifth round and are replaced by new entries, which are randomly selected with unequal probabilities of selection from the stratified sampling frame.
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From page 50... ...
In its origins, ENADID was one of the few national probability-based surveys that had instruments to measure international out- and in-migration.16 The target population of ENADID is the population permanently residing in private homes in Mexico. The sampling frame is INEGI's National Households Frame 2002, based on cartographic and demographic information from the General Population and Housing Census 2000.
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From page 51... ...
for its Spanish name, Encuesta sobre Migración en la Frontera Norte de México. EMIF-N is a multistage probability sample of flows across the U.S.–Mexico border and has been used to estimate migration flows (Rendall et al., 2009)
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border region for the Mexican interior; and fourth, migrants returning to the interior from northern Mexican border cities (not of interest to the current study)
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who are knowledgeable about trends and geographic shifts in migrant flows. Based on this research, the sampling frame of localities (and sampling zones and points within localities)
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Strictly speaking, estimates from EMIF-N using the weights produced by the EMIF-N team are estimates of the flows passing through sampling zones used in the survey, although, as noted, much effort is expended to make sure that sampling localities, zones, and points are selected and updated to adjust for any shifts in migrant flows and to maintain a high level of coverage for the population that migrates through a city. The design implicitly assumes that the flows through the localities not in the sampling frame at a given time are zero.
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From page 55... ...
.23 At present, EMIF-N researchers adjust their survey weights for migrants from localities based on INM counts.24 Lack of information sharing and coordination between DHS and INM can cause INM to undercount the flow of returned apprehended migrants and, therefore, downwardly bias EMIF-N's estimates of such migrant flows.25 All subsamples gather information on the demographic characteristics and educational attainment of the respondent. For respondents intending to cross, there are survey items asking about the reason for the trip, the possession of valid documents, the location (city)
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From page 56... ...
The target population was all households in Mexico in 2002. The sample for MxFLS-1 was selected by INEGI and was a multi-stage, stratified probability sample of the Mexican population in 2002.
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From page 57... ...
Attempts to track down all panel respondents who have not yet been located continue. MxFLS-3 participants include individuals who never left Mexico, those who migrated to the United States before MxFLS-2 and are still in the United States, those who migrated to the United States after MxFLS-2, and those who migrated to the United States sometime between MxFLS-1 and MxFLS-3 but have since decided to return to Mexico.
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In the Mexican sample, the weight is calculated as the inverse of the sampling fraction where the number of households interviewed is divided by the number of eligible households in the predefined survey area from which the 200 surveyed households were drawn.
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, but they are almost never used to measure migration flows. THE MEXICAN MIGRATION FIELD RESEARCH PROGRAM The Mexican Migration Field Research Program (MMFRP)
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From page 60... ...
Although the annual themes differ, the surveys consistently include information similar to the MMP on social, demographic, and economic variables. In addition, it asks about intended and actual migration, networks, remittances, perceptions of border enforcement and other immigration laws, and legal status.
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