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2 A Vision for Exposure Science in the 21st Century
Pages 42-49

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From page 42...
... For example, the concept of exposure was instrumental in efforts to control secondhand tobacco smoke, a major source of exposure, but a minor contributor to emissions or ambient air pollution where measurement and regulation had focused previously. New challenges and new scientific advances, documented in Chapters 4 and 5, impel us to an expanded vision of exposure science.
From page 43...
... In addition, collaborative approaches will be needed to engage communities and stakeholders from problem formulation through data collection to development of responsive solutions and to improve communication among and participation by stakeholders. Such engagement strategies in field studies can lead to more comprehensive application of exposure-science tools to health and environmental protection, including issues of environmental justice.
From page 44...
... Assess and Mitigate Assessing and mitigating exposures effectively require techniques for rapid measurement of single and multiple stressors on diverse geographic, temporal, and biologic scales and an enhanced infrastructure for rapid deployment of resources to address imminent threats, such as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Hurricane Katrina, and the tragedy of 9/11. In those three cases, there was a need to evaluate the status of the environment and the exposure of populations via a variety of pathways (such as air, water, soil, and food)
From page 45...
... In addition, exposure models and controlled simulation studies will enable sustainable innovation in developing benign nanomaterials and less toxic chemical alternatives. Predictive tools will also allow us to develop exposure information on thousands of chemicals that are now in widespread use and will enable informed safety assessments of existing and new applications for these chemicals.
From page 46...
... Adaptive exposure assessments could facilitate that approach by tailoring the level of detail to the problem that needs to be addressed. Such an assessment may take various forms, including very narrowly focused studies, assessments that evaluate exposures to multiple stressors to facilitate cumulative risk assessment, or assessments that focus on vulnerable or susceptible populations.
From page 47...
... Key however is the need for exposure information to be accessible to community members and for them to have input in decisions involving exposure prevention or intervention. The committee maintains that it will be critically important to use such approaches as coupling of biomonitoring with collection of relevant environmental exposure data, source data, and health data to allow interpretation of the implications of exposures to facilitate prevention and intervention.
From page 48...
... Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC [online]
From page 49...
... World Health Organization [online]


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