Behavioral Measures of Neurotoxicity (1990) / Chapter Skim
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Regional Issues in the Development of the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery
Regional Issues in the Development of the Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery
Pages 312-321
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From page 312... ...
Although these considerations mainly refer to industrialized countries, developing countries are now facing problems very similar, or perhaps even worse, than those encountered in the earlier stages of industrialization by now industrially advanced countries. These considerations are common to all occupational health domains and even more so to neurobehavioral toxicology.
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From page 313... ...
This willingness to give up at least part of one's own research instruments for the benefit of greater uniformity and the means of realizing it have been the object of much international effort. INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES The ad hoc international initiatives discussed in this chapter were prepared by the first International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational Health held in Como and Milan, Italy in 1982.
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From page 314... ...
A factor analysis performed on the data from 950 subjects resulted in the extraction of five factors: namely, emotional status, motor response speed, visuomotor coordination, sustained attention, and active information processing. The commonalities are very high and reflect important intercorrelations.
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From page 315... ...
Difficulties in this case are mainly financial: travel and living expenses cannot always be covered either by the oversight center or by the trainee. Despite these difficulties, a number of short training courses have already been organized by the three oversight centers to provide both theoretical and practical backgrounds aimed at diagnosing impairments of the higher-order nervous functions found in numerous neurotoxic disorders.
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From page 316... ...
To help demonstrations, a videotape was produced in our laboratory showing the entire neurobehavioral examination of a patient at our clinic hospitalized for possible carbon disulfide intoxication. In this way, the subject's behavior can be discussed step by step, thus facilitating the above-mentioned change in the tester's attitude.
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From page 317... ...
AUTOMATED TESTING Over the last decade, several studies have also been carried out by our group, mainly on large populations, with different aims, including validation of methodologies; search for subtle effects on higher nervous functions possibly arising out of long-term, low-dose exposure
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From page 318... ...
~ A first international application of MANS has been activated by the International Commission on Occupational Health through its Scientific Committee on Neurotoxicology and Psychophysiology to evaluate the effects on the central nervous system of organic solvent exposure of paint manufacturers and users. The countries participating in the study are, at present, the United States, the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Italy.
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From page 319... ...
An organizational model that has proved effective in occupational health is the self-sufficient interdisciplinary type of institute; this model is based on availability at the institute of all the medical, biological, bioengineering, and ergonomics specialties. For instance, the Institute of Occupational Health of the University of Milan has, among its different specialties, a Center of Neurotoxicology which is composed of one neurologist, two psychologists, one physician specializing in occupational medicine, and technicians for neurophysiological and behavioral evaluations.
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From page 320... ...
The Symbol Digit based on the stimulus material used In the classic WAIS subtest, requires, in its computerized version, pairing digits to symbols for 1.5 minutes. The Benton Visual Recognition requires the subjects to recognize a geometrical pattern immediately, after 5 seconds of observation, among three over sandbar drawings presented together.
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From page 321... ...
1985. Chronic Effects of Organic Solvents on the Central Nervous System.
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