Behavioral Measures of Neurotoxicity (1990) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Environmental Modulation of Neurobehavioral Toxicity
Environmental Modulation of Neurobehavioral Toxicity
Pages 347-358
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 347... ...
MacPhai! INTRODUCTION There is an inevitable tension in neurobehavioral toxicology research between focusing experimental attention inward and outward.
|
From page 348... ...
shmub. This type of behavior ~ emitted, and the procedures by which emitted behavior ~ acquired and maintained involve operant conditioning.
|
From page 349... ...
Although such a scheme may have substantial heuristic value, it fails to recognize the important role the environment plays in determining behavior. Similarly, Bloom (1988)
|
From page 350... ...
In this experiment, rats received a series of escalating dosages of heroin so that they could survive an otherwise lethal dosage. Heroin was always administered on alternate days in a distinct environment, whereas the heroin vehicle was administered in an equally distinct environment on intervening days.
|
From page 351... ...
What about more subtle aspects? To what extent do environmental variables modulate toxicant effects on more subtle forms of behavior?
|
From page 352... ...
As Dews (1962) said, "To express a preference for working with conditioned behavior Is thus merely to express a preference for working with well~on~olled situations rawer Wan vale ones." Schedule controlled operant behavior is particularly appropriate because of the degree to which the relevant environmental controlling variables can be identified, specified, and manipulated.
|
From page 353... ...
The decreases in overall response rate were also accompanied by a disruption of the fixed-interval pattern of responding. Intermediate dosages of chiordimeform produced either no change or increases in fixed-ratio responding, while larger dosages uniformly decreased responding.
|
From page 354... ...
Filled circles represent effects on FR responding and unfilled circles represent effects on FI responding. SOURCE: From Leander and MacPhail (1980)
|
From page 355... ...
Formetanate, on the other hand, selectively decreased overall response rate while producing little disruption in the temporal pattern of responding. Amitraz produced intermediate effects.
|
From page 356... ...
The effect of triadimefon was also remarkable in that overall rates under the long fixed interval changed very little despite the dosagerelated disruption of response patterning. Findings such as these suggest that relatively subtle environmental variables may have substantial effects on the behavioral consequences of some pesticide exposures.
|
From page 357... ...
An integrated conceptual framework such as that shown in Figure 7 can then be used to focus research Chemical Exposures Nervous System Chemistry . .~ Behavior Environment FIGURE 7 Conceptual framework for relating behavior and chemical exposures to the environment and the nervous system.
|
From page 358... ...
Such information can then serve as the basis for making informed decisions in estimating risks due to chemical exposure and the steps needed to effectively and efficiently regulate exposures. REFERENCES Allen, A
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.