The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

Index
Pages 419-432

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 419... ... , 103, 106 DFP and, 111, 127 and neurodegenerative disease, 209211, 213 Acetylcoenzyme A, 104 Acid rain, 409 Acrylamide, 78, 236, 270, 276 Active avoidance, 130 Additions Test, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 388 Affective behavior, 77, 81, 160, 175 AF64A, 124, 128, 133, 134 Age and cholinergic system, 115-118, 119 lead and, 258-259 in NCTB studies, 83, 302 and neurochemical changes, 101-102, 110-111, 281 and neurodegenerative disease, 11, 212, 227, 276, 282 organophosphates and, 184 in Swedish performance battery, 375, 381 Agricultural chemicals, 359 Air pollution, 293 419 Alcohol, 63 fetal exposure, 199 in Microtox battery, 60 nervous system damage, 176, 276 in Swedish performance battery, 360, 377-378, 380 tolerance development, 164, 167 Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 236 Alkanes, 78 Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease, 16, 236, 270271 neurological damage, 15, 226, 228229, 235-236 Alzheimer's disease, 13, 15, 32, 227 aluminum and, 16, 236, 270-271 in behavioral studies, 152-153, 154, 406, 407 chemicals and, 281 cholinergic system and, 124-125, 210212, 213, 214-215 lead and, 283 neuronal degeneration, 219, 220 treatment, 133, 209, 210, 269 American Conference of Govemmental Industrial Hygienists, 79, 399 American Psychological Association, 365 Ames test, 70 Amitraz, 353, 355-356 Amphetamine, 130, 131, 150-151, 350 Amygdala, 276 Read the entire page →
From page 420... ... and behavior, 103, 104, 106, 210 and neurodegenerative disease, 118, 209, 211, 269 tolerance development, 103, 128, 131132, 210 Antihypertensive drugs, 274 Antimitotics, 278 Antipsychotic drugs, 275 Apparatus-driven research, 148 AP7, 33-34 Aromatic hydrocarbons, 236 Asian Conference on Behavioral Toxicology and Clinical Psychology, 331 Associative conditioning, 196-199 Ataxia, 80, 82 Attention impairment, 160 INDEX Australia, 338-339, 341 aborigines, 18-19, 30 cycadism in, 27 lead study, 248 Autocannibalism, 213-214, 215 Autografts, 221 Auyu people, 14, 27-28, 30 Avoidance behavior, 129-130, 131, 134, 178 Axonal degeneration, 273, 274, 275-276, 278, 280 B Bailey, Elaine L., 185 Bangladesh, 12, 24 Banks, Joseph, 19-20 Barbiturates, 168, 194-196 Bayley Infant Behavioral Record, 248 Bayley Mental Development Index, 247248 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index, 247-248 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 239, 403, 408 Behavior, 1-3, 64, 119, 125 age and, 102 animal models, 118, 129-134 brain implants and, 220-222 chemical effects on, 76, 77, 79, 81, 91, 200209 cholinergic system and, 102-104, 210, 214-215, 218 and definition of toxicity, 401-403 environmental effects on, 347-348, 350-353 lead effects on, 247-250 measurement of, 4-5, 6-7, 185 neurotransmitters and, 138, 154 performance tests, 149-150, 161, 302304, 359-390 Behavioral pharmacology, 137, 141, 152, 397-399 Bell, E A., 23 Bender Gestalt Test, 230, 238 Benton Visual Retention Test, 40, 47, 230, 302, 303, 320, 326, 328 Benzene exposure, China, 287, 288 Betz cells, 24, 26 BHMH (butylazo-2-hydroxy-5methylhexane) Read the entire page →
From page 421... ... , 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 274, 276 Bolla-Wilson and Bleecker battery, 44, 45 Bone lead, 254, 255, 263, 283 Bourdon-Wiersma Vigilance Test, 40, 326, 327, 328 Brain age and, 110, 118 chemicals and, 102 damage, 41, 93, 218-219 nerve growth, 216 neurocircuitry, 200-201 solvent effects, 174-175, 176 tissue implants, 219-222, 279-280 Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale, 234 Chelation, 263 British Ability Scales, 230, 249 Chemicals British National Adult Reading Test, 41 British Psychological Association, 365 Bulgaria, 317 Butyl acetate, 236 C Caffeine, 193 Calcium, 255 deficiency, 15-16 homeostasis, 253, 254, 259, 263 California, 8 Calories, 283 Cancer, 281, 395, 396-397, 403 Carbaryl, 78, 152 Carbon disulfide, 40, 78, 80, 268-269, 270, 338 Chinese studies, 289-291, 304 neurological effects, 168, 171-174, 175, 176, 236, 237, 282 421 Carbon monoxide, 60, 78 Carbon tetrachloride, 78 Case control studies, 237 Cassava, 268 Cassitto, Maria G., 315 Catecholamine, 178, 274, 308 Cattle, cycadism in, 27 Caudal nerve, 173, 174 Cavanagh, J B., 173 Celebes, 19 Centers for Disease Control, 230, 261 Central nervous system, 3, 4, 41, 124125, 147, 227-228, 312, 401 age and, 102 conditioned learning, 200-201 development of, 192, 216-217, 218219 lathyrism, 24 lead effects, 230, 231 mercury effects, 232-233 solvent effects, 160-161, 164, 167, 169, 175, 236-237 test batteries, 80, 82, 91, 359, 360 Cerebellum, 200 Cerebral cortex, 110, 113, 114, 116, 117, 276 Cerebral palsy, 408 Chamorros, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 30, 3132 animal testing, 184, 186 in China, 287-288 and dementia, 212 in India, 323 neurobehavioral effects, 74, 75-78, 80-83, 101-102, 206-209, 226-240, 273-278, 312-313 neurotoxicity criteria, 268-272, 278284 performance test assessment, 359-360 regulation of, 79, 222, 403 Chemomyelotomy, 198 Chemotherapy, 397 Children, 239, 410 eyelid conditioning, 200 lead exposure, 138, 146, 229-231, 243, 245-246, 247-257, 260, 262-263, 292-293, 294, 295, 308, 403-404, 407 mercury exposure, 233, 408 Read the entire page →
From page 422... ... in Alzheimer's disease, 211 and behavior, 103-104 DFP and, 104-110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117-119 Chromaffin cells, 221 Chromium oxide, 328 Chronic toxic encephalopathy, 174-179 Ciguatera, 268 Clean Air Act (1970) , 8, 401 Climatic conditions, 361 Clinical Interview Schedule, 89 Clostridium bacilli, 268 Cognitive componential models, 93-95, 96 Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, 89 Cognitive function, 3, 6-7 animal models, 124, 125, 133-134, 239 brain implants and, 220-221 chemical effects, 77, 81 cholinergic system and, 210, 215 lead effects, 231, 283 nervous system development and, 217 PCB and, 235 INDEX performance tests, 60, 64, 74, 80, 87, 90, 91, 92-93, 97, 238, 362 solvent effects, 175, 177, 178, 187 taxonomy, 70-71 Cohen, Stanley, 217 Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study, 408-409 Collaborative Perinatal Project, 195 Color Word Vigilance Test, 88 in Swedish performance battery, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 385, 387 Committee on Environmental Hazards, 260 Communication, 8-9, 335 Complex Reaction Time, 367, 368 Computerized testing, 5, 59-60, 65, 89, 90, 92-96, 238, 339, 361-365 China, 297, 298-300, 305, 309 Milan Automated Neurobehavioral System, 317-320 Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery, 87 Neurobehavioral Evaluation System, 41, 50, 51, 73-74, 80-82, 83, 89, 92, 318 Swedish Performance Evaluation System, 363, 366-390 Conduction velocity of slow fiber (CVSF) Read the entire page →
From page 423... ... See Alcohol Ethiopia, 12, 24 Ethnic composition, 338-339 Ethylbenzene, 360 Ethylene dibromide, 78 Europe, 337, 338 NCTB data, 83, 315, 316, 318-319 European Economic Community, 313, 386-387 "Expert systems," 94 Eyelid conditioning, 200-202 F Fatigue, 61, 376 Feingold, Ben F., 410 Fenvalerate, 327 Fetus, 191, 201 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 brain tissue implants, 221 DFP exposure, 104-108 lead exposure, 231, 255, 263 learning, 197-199 mercury exposure, 232, 233, 407, 408 Finger Tapping Tests, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 389 Read the entire page →
From page 424... ... , 209-210 Hippocampus, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 200, 216 Hoffman, Howard, 201 Hogstedt Symptom Questionnaire, 89 Homeostasis, 208, 210 calcium, 253, 254, 259, 263 Homovanillic acid, 308 Honduras, 19 Hormonal markers, 308 Hull, C L., 119 Human studies aluminum toxicity, 235 animal extrapolation, 7, 115, 129, 187, 199, 239, 406, 410 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 brain implants, 221, 279-280 chemical effects, 101, 155, 226-227, 271-272 cycad use, 18, 35 eyelid conditioning, 200, 201 lead exposure, 138-139, 146-147, 254 neurobehavioral tests, 90-91 organophosphate exposure, 102, 126, 185 repeated acquisition, 153-154 schedule-controlled behavior, 146 solvent exposure, 80, 160-161, 162163, 164, 166, 168, 169-170, 176178, 237 toluene exposure, 398 Read the entire page →
From page 425... ... INDEX Hungary, 317, 319 Huntington's disease, 220 Hydrocarbons, 236 Hydrogen cyanide, 78 Hydrogen sulfide, 78 Hydrolysis ACh, 104, 209, 211 ANADe, 213 Hyperactivity, 134 Hyperparathyroidism, 15 Hypertension, lead and, 398-399 Hypothalamus, 178 IBM computers, 73, 367 Ibotenic acid, 124 Idria mines, 399 Illiteracy, 332-333, 339 India barriers to test development, 331-333, 338, 341 environmental research, 322-325 lathyrism in, 12, 24 neurobehavioral research, 325-331, 337 Indonesia, 7 Industrial chemicals, 79, 167, 317-318 neurobehavioral effects, 228-240 pollution, 293 solvents, 7, 159, 175, 179, 272, 360 Inescapable shock, 126 Inferential systems, 94-96 Information-processing theory, 60, 61, 62 Intellectual functions, 49 Intelligence, 239 lead exposure and, 138-139, 245, 249, 256-257, 260, 283, 293, 403-404 tests, 230, 298 International Commission on Occupational Health, 318 International Labor Organization, 335 International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational Health, 313 Iraq, mercury poisoning, 232, 233, 408 Irian Jaya, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 23, 27-28, 30, 31 Israel, 317 Italy, 317, 318, 319 425 Japan ALS/P-D in, 12, 14, 15, 18, 23, 27-28, 29, 30, 31 PCB exposure, 234 Jaqai people, 14, 27-28 Jaundice epidemic, India, 323 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 44 K Kainate, 33 Kanpur University, 325-329 Karolinska Institute, 178 Ketones, 78, 236 Kii peninsula, Japan, 12, 14, 15, 18, 23, 27-28, 29, 30, 31 Kisby, Glen, 32 Krasnegor, Norman A., 269 Kulig, Beverly M., 186 Kurland, Leonard, 15, 22 L Lactation, 255 Language differences, 339, 367 Larvicides, 327, 337 Lathyrism, 12, 23-27, 34, 268 Lead exposure, 78 and aging, 258-259, 283 China, 287, 288, 291-293, 294, 295 effects on children, 138, 146, 229-231, 243, 245-257, 260, 262-263, 292295, 308, 403-404, 407 environmental, 243-246, 262-263 and hypertension, 398-399, 408 India, 328-329 markers of, 254-255 nerve cell damage, 276 neurobehavioral effects, 138-147, 152, 176, 186, 226, 256-257, 270, 403 occupational, 56-58, 80, 230, 291, 305 test batteries and, 59, 61-62, 237-238, 239 Lead salts, 268-269 Learning, 146, 149, 150-152, 153, 239, 410. See also Cognitive function animal models of dementia, 124, 125, 126, 130, 185-186 lead exposure and, 139 Read the entire page →
From page 426... ... See also Cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, 218, 220 animal models of dementia, 124, 125, 126, 129-130, 131-133, 134, 185-186 lead exposure and, 328 magnetic fields and, 296 solvent exposure and, 160, 326-327 test batteries, 41, 52, 64, 65, 74, 80, 298-299, 366 Memory Reproduction Test, 88 Mercury, 78. See also Fetus; Fish; Hair mercury concentration; Rats in China, 287, 288 Minamata disease, 232, 233, 271, 283284, 408 mine poisoning, 399 neurotoxicity, 226, 228-229, 231-234, 270, 276, 277 test batteries and, 58, 61, 64, 80 Metals, 167, 226, 228-229, 268-269, 289, 359 INDEX Methyl alcohol, 78 Methyl chloride, 80 Methylchloroform, 78, 360 Methylene chloride, 78, 360 Methyl ethyl ketone, 168, 236 Methyl isobutyl ketone, 360 Methyl isocyanide, 324 Methylmercury, 232-234, 271, 283-284, 317, 407-409 Methyl n-butyl ketone, 168, 282 Methyl parathion, 78 Methylphenidate, 187 Methylxanthine, 193 Mice, 33-34, 106, 110, 194, 350, 409. Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... , 41, 50, 51, 73-74, 80-82, 83, 89, 92, 318 Neurobehavioral toxicology, 2, 9, 119120, 137-138, 186, 206, 405-412. See also Neurotoxicity developmental, 192-193, 194, 199-200, 201, 269 environment and, 126-127, 347-350 human testing, 69-83, 90-91 regional requirements, 7-8, 331, 334335, 337-343 repeated acquisition procedures, 148155 research, 6-7, 65-66, 114, 147-148 risk assessment, 395-397, 398 test batteries, 39-53, 87-89, 91-92 test development, 56-66, 90, 278-284, 322, 340-341 tort law and, 400, 405 Neurobiology, 64 Neurodegenerative diseases, 11-13, 222, 227, 280, 283 chemical exposure history, 36, 281282 progressive degenerative dementias, 4, 6, 206, 209-212, 220 Neuroendocrine system, 278-279 Neurons, 348-349 age and, 102 autocannibalism, 213-214, 215 chemical effects on, 273-277 cycad damage, 34 degeneration of, 13, 258, 276, 278, 281 development of, 216-217, 218-219, 277 Neuropsychology, 64 Neurotoxicity. Read the entire page →
From page 428... ... See also Cholinergic system false transmitters, 212-216 New Guinea, 32 New Zealand lead study, 249 mercury exposure, 233-234 Nicotinic receptors, 103, 213 Nictitating membrane response, 200-202 Nitrites, 78 Niven, David, 13 NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) , 33, 34, 35 Noise, 78, 361 No-observed-effect level, 396 Norway, 237 Numerical ability, 366 Nunn, Peter, 25 o Occupational exposure, 399-400 carbon disulfide, 175, 282, 289, 338 chemicals, 75-76, 80, 226, 229, 268, 275-276, 281, 313-314 chemicals, India, 322, 323, 324-325, 326-327, 331-333, 334-335 China, 287-288 lead, 56-58, 80, 230, 291, 305 INDEX magnetic fields, 296-297 organophosphates, 102, 287, 327 regional characteristics, 338 solvents, 159, 160, 167, 175, 176-177, 179, 236, 282 testing, 72, 97, 238, 329-330, 340, 359361 tort law, 400, 405 video terminals, 295-296 Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970) Read the entire page →
From page 429... ... , 33, 34 Pittsburgh Occupational Exposures Test Battery, 44, 45 Plasma, 106 Plastics, 169 Poland, 317, 319 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , 226, 228-229, 234-235 Positron emission tomography, 31, 279, 280 Prediction, 199 Pregnancy, 194, 255 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 and caffeine, 193 lead exposure, 246-247, 248, 254-255, 263 mercury exposure, 233, 409 Premarket testing, 69, 169 Presenile dementia, 12, 35, 237 Primary degenerative dementias, 124 Primates. Read the entire page →
From page 430... ... See also Mice; Rats cholinergic system, 103, 115, 216 learning, 132 repeated acquisition procedures, 152 solvent exposure, 162, 167-168, 169, 170 Ross, Stephen, 33 Rota, 12, 14, 21 Ruffin, Joseph, 69 Russell, Roger W., 268, 269 S Santa Ana Dexterity Test, 40, 41, 47, 58, 80, 302, 303, 326, 327, 328 Santa Ana Rotation Test, 87 Saxitoxin, 274 Schedule-controlled behavior, 142-146, 152 Schwann cells, 219, 278-279 Scientific ethics, 126 Scopolamine, 127, 128, 130, 131 Screening, 2, 86-87, 186, 194 solvent effects, 169-174 INDEX test battery design, 61, 62-63, 65, 6970, 82, 92 Search and Memory Test, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 388 Self-reports, 304-305, 363 in Swedish performance battery, 368, 369, 389-390 Seminole Indians, 20-21 Senile dementia, 11, 36, 212, 277 Sensory function, 80, 82 chemicals and, 77, 81 lead and, 61-62, 257-258 solvents and, 169-174 Serotonergic pathways, 274 Sexual maturation, 194-195 Shanghai Development Center of Science and Technology, 305 Shanghai Medical University, 292-293, 297 Short-term exposure limit, 399 Simple Reaction Time, 47, 50, 88, 303, 319, 362, 363 in Swedish performance battery, 365, 368, 369, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377-378, 379, 380, 385-386, 387 Smotherman, William, 197 Socioeconomic status, 339-340 Sodium, 274, 278 Solvent exposure, 226, 228-229, 236-237, 268-269, 270, 271, 272, 282, 289 acute effects, 160-168 animal models, 160, 161-163, 168-169, 178-179, 180187 chronic effects, 168-174, 399 encephalopathy, 174-179 health standards, 56, 159-160 performance test assessment, 7, 59, 71, 88, 359, 360, 366, 372, 385-386 and reaction time, 63 recreational abuse, 167-168 studies in India, 326-327 subclinical effects, 227-228 South America, 314 Soviet Union, 319, 400-403 Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome, 272 Spatial resolution, 141-142 Sperry, R W., 217 Spinal cord, 185 Spinal transection, 198 Spontaneous abortion, lead and, 247 Sprague-Dawley rats, 111, 118 Stanford-Binet test, 230 Read the entire page →
From page 431... ... , 70, 169, 403 "Toxicopsychology," 288 Trail Making Test, 41 Trauma, 91 Triadimefon, 187, 356 Trichloroethane, 78 Trichloroethylene, 165-166, 168-169, 187, 236, 237, 360 Triethylcholine, 212 Trimethyltin, 151-152, 282 Trinitrotoluene exposure, China, 287, 288 Tungsten, 78 TURBO Pascal, 368 Turkey, 317 U United Kingdom, 318 Institute of Occupational Health, 89 United States ALS incidence, 13 behavioral toxicology, 397 carbon disulfide use, 338 chemical exposure, 75-76 Department of Housing and Urban Development, 261 elderly population, 11 environmental movement, 403 lead regulation, 243, 260-262, 263 NCTB validation, 83, 314, 318 organic solvent exposure, 159 zamia poisoning in, 20-21 University of Milan, 87-88, 319, 342-343 Read the entire page →
From page 432... ... , 40, 52, 59, 304 INDEX Weiss, Bernard, 4 West Germany, 318, 319 White spirits, 162-163, 236, 360, 365-366 Whiting, Marjorie, 22 Williamson, Ann M., 90 Winneke, Gerhard, 271 WISC-R, 89, 292-293, 294, 304 Wistar rats, 111-114, 115, 184 World Health Organization, 47, 80-82, 83, 169, 325-326, 329, 335, 342, 360, 361 Office of Environmental Health Service, 317 Office of Occupational Health, 313 World War II, 32, 97, 209 Worksites. See Occupational exposure X X-ray fluorescence, 254 Xylene, 78, 170, 360 y Yugoslavia, 317 Yusho, 234 Zamia plants, 20-21 Zinc oxide, 78 z Read the entire page →

From page 419...

... , 103, 106 DFP and, 111, 127 and neurodegenerative disease, 209211, 213 Acetylcoenzyme A, 104 Acid rain, 409 Acrylamide, 78, 236, 270, 276 Active avoidance, 130 Additions Test, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 388 Affective behavior, 77, 81, 160, 175 AF64A, 124, 128, 133, 134 Age and cholinergic system, 115-118, 119 lead and, 258-259 in NCTB studies, 83, 302 and neurochemical changes, 101-102, 110-111, 281 and neurodegenerative disease, 11, 212, 227, 276, 282 organophosphates and, 184 in Swedish performance battery, 375, 381 Agricultural chemicals, 359 Air pollution, 293 419 Alcohol, 63 fetal exposure, 199 in Microtox battery, 60 nervous system damage, 176, 276 in Swedish performance battery, 360, 377-378, 380 tolerance development, 164, 167 Aliphatic hydrocarbons, 236 Alkanes, 78 Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease, 16, 236, 270271 neurological damage, 15, 226, 228229, 235-236 Alzheimer's disease, 13, 15, 32, 227 aluminum and, 16, 236, 270-271 in behavioral studies, 152-153, 154, 406, 407 chemicals and, 281 cholinergic system and, 124-125, 210212, 213, 214-215 lead and, 283 neuronal degeneration, 219, 220 treatment, 133, 209, 210, 269 American Conference of Govemmental Industrial Hygienists, 79, 399 American Psychological Association, 365 Ames test, 70 Amitraz, 353, 355-356 Amphetamine, 130, 131, 150-151, 350 Amygdala, 276

Read the entire page →

From page 420...

... and behavior, 103, 104, 106, 210 and neurodegenerative disease, 118, 209, 211, 269 tolerance development, 103, 128, 131132, 210 Antihypertensive drugs, 274 Antimitotics, 278 Antipsychotic drugs, 275 Apparatus-driven research, 148 AP7, 33-34 Aromatic hydrocarbons, 236 Asian Conference on Behavioral Toxicology and Clinical Psychology, 331 Associative conditioning, 196-199 Ataxia, 80, 82 Attention impairment, 160 INDEX Australia, 338-339, 341 aborigines, 18-19, 30 cycadism in, 27 lead study, 248 Autocannibalism, 213-214, 215 Autografts, 221 Auyu people, 14, 27-28, 30 Avoidance behavior, 129-130, 131, 134, 178 Axonal degeneration, 273, 274, 275-276, 278, 280 B Bailey, Elaine L., 185 Bangladesh, 12, 24 Banks, Joseph, 19-20 Barbiturates, 168, 194-196 Bayley Infant Behavioral Record, 248 Bayley Mental Development Index, 247248 Bayley Psychomotor Development Index, 247-248 Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 239, 403, 408 Behavior, 1-3, 64, 119, 125 age and, 102 animal models, 118, 129-134 brain implants and, 220-222 chemical effects on, 76, 77, 79, 81, 91, 200209 cholinergic system and, 102-104, 210, 214-215, 218 and definition of toxicity, 401-403 environmental effects on, 347-348, 350-353 lead effects on, 247-250 measurement of, 4-5, 6-7, 185 neurotransmitters and, 138, 154 performance tests, 149-150, 161, 302304, 359-390 Behavioral pharmacology, 137, 141, 152, 397-399 Bell, E A., 23 Bender Gestalt Test, 230, 238 Benton Visual Retention Test, 40, 47, 230, 302, 303, 320, 326, 328 Benzene exposure, China, 287, 288 Betz cells, 24, 26 BHMH (butylazo-2-hydroxy-5methylhexane)

Read the entire page →

From page 421...

... , 23, 24, 25, 33, 34, 274, 276 Bolla-Wilson and Bleecker battery, 44, 45 Bone lead, 254, 255, 263, 283 Bourdon-Wiersma Vigilance Test, 40, 326, 327, 328 Brain age and, 110, 118 chemicals and, 102 damage, 41, 93, 218-219 nerve growth, 216 neurocircuitry, 200-201 solvent effects, 174-175, 176 tissue implants, 219-222, 279-280 Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale, 234 Chelation, 263 British Ability Scales, 230, 249 Chemicals British National Adult Reading Test, 41 British Psychological Association, 365 Bulgaria, 317 Butyl acetate, 236 C Caffeine, 193 Calcium, 255 deficiency, 15-16 homeostasis, 253, 254, 259, 263 California, 8 Calories, 283 Cancer, 281, 395, 396-397, 403 Carbaryl, 78, 152 Carbon disulfide, 40, 78, 80, 268-269, 270, 338 Chinese studies, 289-291, 304 neurological effects, 168, 171-174, 175, 176, 236, 237, 282 421 Carbon monoxide, 60, 78 Carbon tetrachloride, 78 Case control studies, 237 Cassava, 268 Cassitto, Maria G., 315 Catecholamine, 178, 274, 308 Cattle, cycadism in, 27 Caudal nerve, 173, 174 Cavanagh, J B., 173 Celebes, 19 Centers for Disease Control, 230, 261 Central nervous system, 3, 4, 41, 124125, 147, 227-228, 312, 401 age and, 102 conditioned learning, 200-201 development of, 192, 216-217, 218219 lathyrism, 24 lead effects, 230, 231 mercury effects, 232-233 solvent effects, 160-161, 164, 167, 169, 175, 236-237 test batteries, 80, 82, 91, 359, 360 Cerebellum, 200 Cerebral cortex, 110, 113, 114, 116, 117, 276 Cerebral palsy, 408 Chamorros, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 23, 30, 3132 animal testing, 184, 186 in China, 287-288 and dementia, 212 in India, 323 neurobehavioral effects, 74, 75-78, 80-83, 101-102, 206-209, 226-240, 273-278, 312-313 neurotoxicity criteria, 268-272, 278284 performance test assessment, 359-360 regulation of, 79, 222, 403 Chemomyelotomy, 198 Chemotherapy, 397 Children, 239, 410 eyelid conditioning, 200 lead exposure, 138, 146, 229-231, 243, 245-246, 247-257, 260, 262-263, 292-293, 294, 295, 308, 403-404, 407 mercury exposure, 233, 408

Read the entire page →

From page 422...

... in Alzheimer's disease, 211 and behavior, 103-104 DFP and, 104-110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117-119 Chromaffin cells, 221 Chromium oxide, 328 Chronic toxic encephalopathy, 174-179 Ciguatera, 268 Clean Air Act (1970) , 8, 401 Climatic conditions, 361 Clinical Interview Schedule, 89 Clostridium bacilli, 268 Cognitive componential models, 93-95, 96 Cognitive Failures Questionnaire, 89 Cognitive function, 3, 6-7 animal models, 124, 125, 133-134, 239 brain implants and, 220-221 chemical effects, 77, 81 cholinergic system and, 210, 215 lead effects, 231, 283 nervous system development and, 217 PCB and, 235 INDEX performance tests, 60, 64, 74, 80, 87, 90, 91, 92-93, 97, 238, 362 solvent effects, 175, 177, 178, 187 taxonomy, 70-71 Cohen, Stanley, 217 Collaborative Behavioral Teratology Study, 408-409 Collaborative Perinatal Project, 195 Color Word Vigilance Test, 88 in Swedish performance battery, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 385, 387 Committee on Environmental Hazards, 260 Communication, 8-9, 335 Complex Reaction Time, 367, 368 Computerized testing, 5, 59-60, 65, 89, 90, 92-96, 238, 339, 361-365 China, 297, 298-300, 305, 309 Milan Automated Neurobehavioral System, 317-320 Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery, 87 Neurobehavioral Evaluation System, 41, 50, 51, 73-74, 80-82, 83, 89, 92, 318 Swedish Performance Evaluation System, 363, 366-390 Conduction velocity of slow fiber (CVSF)

Read the entire page →

From page 423...

... See Alcohol Ethiopia, 12, 24 Ethnic composition, 338-339 Ethylbenzene, 360 Ethylene dibromide, 78 Europe, 337, 338 NCTB data, 83, 315, 316, 318-319 European Economic Community, 313, 386-387 "Expert systems," 94 Eyelid conditioning, 200-202 F Fatigue, 61, 376 Feingold, Ben F., 410 Fenvalerate, 327 Fetus, 191, 201 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 brain tissue implants, 221 DFP exposure, 104-108 lead exposure, 231, 255, 263 learning, 197-199 mercury exposure, 232, 233, 407, 408 Finger Tapping Tests, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 389

Read the entire page →

From page 424...

... , 209-210 Hippocampus, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 117, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 200, 216 Hoffman, Howard, 201 Hogstedt Symptom Questionnaire, 89 Homeostasis, 208, 210 calcium, 253, 254, 259, 263 Homovanillic acid, 308 Honduras, 19 Hormonal markers, 308 Hull, C L., 119 Human studies aluminum toxicity, 235 animal extrapolation, 7, 115, 129, 187, 199, 239, 406, 410 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 brain implants, 221, 279-280 chemical effects, 101, 155, 226-227, 271-272 cycad use, 18, 35 eyelid conditioning, 200, 201 lead exposure, 138-139, 146-147, 254 neurobehavioral tests, 90-91 organophosphate exposure, 102, 126, 185 repeated acquisition, 153-154 schedule-controlled behavior, 146 solvent exposure, 80, 160-161, 162163, 164, 166, 168, 169-170, 176178, 237 toluene exposure, 398

Read the entire page →

From page 425...

... INDEX Hungary, 317, 319 Huntington's disease, 220 Hydrocarbons, 236 Hydrogen cyanide, 78 Hydrogen sulfide, 78 Hydrolysis ACh, 104, 209, 211 ANADe, 213 Hyperactivity, 134 Hyperparathyroidism, 15 Hypertension, lead and, 398-399 Hypothalamus, 178 IBM computers, 73, 367 Ibotenic acid, 124 Idria mines, 399 Illiteracy, 332-333, 339 India barriers to test development, 331-333, 338, 341 environmental research, 322-325 lathyrism in, 12, 24 neurobehavioral research, 325-331, 337 Indonesia, 7 Industrial chemicals, 79, 167, 317-318 neurobehavioral effects, 228-240 pollution, 293 solvents, 7, 159, 175, 179, 272, 360 Inescapable shock, 126 Inferential systems, 94-96 Information-processing theory, 60, 61, 62 Intellectual functions, 49 Intelligence, 239 lead exposure and, 138-139, 245, 249, 256-257, 260, 283, 293, 403-404 tests, 230, 298 International Commission on Occupational Health, 318 International Labor Organization, 335 International Symposium on Neurobehavioral Methods in Occupational Health, 313 Iraq, mercury poisoning, 232, 233, 408 Irian Jaya, 11, 12, 14, 17, 18, 23, 27-28, 30, 31 Israel, 317 Italy, 317, 318, 319 425 Japan ALS/P-D in, 12, 14, 15, 18, 23, 27-28, 29, 30, 31 PCB exposure, 234 Jaqai people, 14, 27-28 Jaundice epidemic, India, 323 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 44 K Kainate, 33 Kanpur University, 325-329 Karolinska Institute, 178 Ketones, 78, 236 Kii peninsula, Japan, 12, 14, 15, 18, 23, 27-28, 29, 30, 31 Kisby, Glen, 32 Krasnegor, Norman A., 269 Kulig, Beverly M., 186 Kurland, Leonard, 15, 22 L Lactation, 255 Language differences, 339, 367 Larvicides, 327, 337 Lathyrism, 12, 23-27, 34, 268 Lead exposure, 78 and aging, 258-259, 283 China, 287, 288, 291-293, 294, 295 effects on children, 138, 146, 229-231, 243, 245-257, 260, 262-263, 292295, 308, 403-404, 407 environmental, 243-246, 262-263 and hypertension, 398-399, 408 India, 328-329 markers of, 254-255 nerve cell damage, 276 neurobehavioral effects, 138-147, 152, 176, 186, 226, 256-257, 270, 403 occupational, 56-58, 80, 230, 291, 305 test batteries and, 59, 61-62, 237-238, 239 Lead salts, 268-269 Learning, 146, 149, 150-152, 153, 239, 410. See also Cognitive function animal models of dementia, 124, 125, 126, 130, 185-186 lead exposure and, 139

Read the entire page →

From page 426...

... See also Cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease, 218, 220 animal models of dementia, 124, 125, 126, 129-130, 131-133, 134, 185-186 lead exposure and, 328 magnetic fields and, 296 solvent exposure and, 160, 326-327 test batteries, 41, 52, 64, 65, 74, 80, 298-299, 366 Memory Reproduction Test, 88 Mercury, 78. See also Fetus; Fish; Hair mercury concentration; Rats in China, 287, 288 Minamata disease, 232, 233, 271, 283284, 408 mine poisoning, 399 neurotoxicity, 226, 228-229, 231-234, 270, 276, 277 test batteries and, 58, 61, 64, 80 Metals, 167, 226, 228-229, 268-269, 289, 359 INDEX Methyl alcohol, 78 Methyl chloride, 80 Methylchloroform, 78, 360 Methylene chloride, 78, 360 Methyl ethyl ketone, 168, 236 Methyl isobutyl ketone, 360 Methyl isocyanide, 324 Methylmercury, 232-234, 271, 283-284, 317, 407-409 Methyl n-butyl ketone, 168, 282 Methyl parathion, 78 Methylphenidate, 187 Methylxanthine, 193 Mice, 33-34, 106, 110, 194, 350, 409.

Read the entire page →

From page 427...

... , 41, 50, 51, 73-74, 80-82, 83, 89, 92, 318 Neurobehavioral toxicology, 2, 9, 119120, 137-138, 186, 206, 405-412. See also Neurotoxicity developmental, 192-193, 194, 199-200, 201, 269 environment and, 126-127, 347-350 human testing, 69-83, 90-91 regional requirements, 7-8, 331, 334335, 337-343 repeated acquisition procedures, 148155 research, 6-7, 65-66, 114, 147-148 risk assessment, 395-397, 398 test batteries, 39-53, 87-89, 91-92 test development, 56-66, 90, 278-284, 322, 340-341 tort law and, 400, 405 Neurobiology, 64 Neurodegenerative diseases, 11-13, 222, 227, 280, 283 chemical exposure history, 36, 281282 progressive degenerative dementias, 4, 6, 206, 209-212, 220 Neuroendocrine system, 278-279 Neurons, 348-349 age and, 102 autocannibalism, 213-214, 215 chemical effects on, 273-277 cycad damage, 34 degeneration of, 13, 258, 276, 278, 281 development of, 216-217, 218-219, 277 Neuropsychology, 64 Neurotoxicity.

Read the entire page →

From page 428...

... See also Cholinergic system false transmitters, 212-216 New Guinea, 32 New Zealand lead study, 249 mercury exposure, 233-234 Nicotinic receptors, 103, 213 Nictitating membrane response, 200-202 Nitrites, 78 Niven, David, 13 NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) , 33, 34, 35 Noise, 78, 361 No-observed-effect level, 396 Norway, 237 Numerical ability, 366 Nunn, Peter, 25 o Occupational exposure, 399-400 carbon disulfide, 175, 282, 289, 338 chemicals, 75-76, 80, 226, 229, 268, 275-276, 281, 313-314 chemicals, India, 322, 323, 324-325, 326-327, 331-333, 334-335 China, 287-288 lead, 56-58, 80, 230, 291, 305 INDEX magnetic fields, 296-297 organophosphates, 102, 287, 327 regional characteristics, 338 solvents, 159, 160, 167, 175, 176-177, 179, 236, 282 testing, 72, 97, 238, 329-330, 340, 359361 tort law, 400, 405 video terminals, 295-296 Occupational Safety and Health Act (1970)

Read the entire page →

From page 429...

... , 33, 34 Pittsburgh Occupational Exposures Test Battery, 44, 45 Plasma, 106 Plastics, 169 Poland, 317, 319 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) , 226, 228-229, 234-235 Positron emission tomography, 31, 279, 280 Prediction, 199 Pregnancy, 194, 255 barbiturate exposure, 195-196 and caffeine, 193 lead exposure, 246-247, 248, 254-255, 263 mercury exposure, 233, 409 Premarket testing, 69, 169 Presenile dementia, 12, 35, 237 Primary degenerative dementias, 124 Primates.

Read the entire page →

From page 430...

... See also Mice; Rats cholinergic system, 103, 115, 216 learning, 132 repeated acquisition procedures, 152 solvent exposure, 162, 167-168, 169, 170 Ross, Stephen, 33 Rota, 12, 14, 21 Ruffin, Joseph, 69 Russell, Roger W., 268, 269 S Santa Ana Dexterity Test, 40, 41, 47, 58, 80, 302, 303, 326, 327, 328 Santa Ana Rotation Test, 87 Saxitoxin, 274 Schedule-controlled behavior, 142-146, 152 Schwann cells, 219, 278-279 Scientific ethics, 126 Scopolamine, 127, 128, 130, 131 Screening, 2, 86-87, 186, 194 solvent effects, 169-174 INDEX test battery design, 61, 62-63, 65, 6970, 82, 92 Search and Memory Test, 368, 369, 373, 374, 375, 376, 388 Self-reports, 304-305, 363 in Swedish performance battery, 368, 369, 389-390 Seminole Indians, 20-21 Senile dementia, 11, 36, 212, 277 Sensory function, 80, 82 chemicals and, 77, 81 lead and, 61-62, 257-258 solvents and, 169-174 Serotonergic pathways, 274 Sexual maturation, 194-195 Shanghai Development Center of Science and Technology, 305 Shanghai Medical University, 292-293, 297 Short-term exposure limit, 399 Simple Reaction Time, 47, 50, 88, 303, 319, 362, 363 in Swedish performance battery, 365, 368, 369, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377-378, 379, 380, 385-386, 387 Smotherman, William, 197 Socioeconomic status, 339-340 Sodium, 274, 278 Solvent exposure, 226, 228-229, 236-237, 268-269, 270, 271, 272, 282, 289 acute effects, 160-168 animal models, 160, 161-163, 168-169, 178-179, 180187 chronic effects, 168-174, 399 encephalopathy, 174-179 health standards, 56, 159-160 performance test assessment, 7, 59, 71, 88, 359, 360, 366, 372, 385-386 and reaction time, 63 recreational abuse, 167-168 studies in India, 326-327 subclinical effects, 227-228 South America, 314 Soviet Union, 319, 400-403 Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome, 272 Spatial resolution, 141-142 Sperry, R W., 217 Spinal cord, 185 Spinal transection, 198 Spontaneous abortion, lead and, 247 Sprague-Dawley rats, 111, 118 Stanford-Binet test, 230

Read the entire page →

From page 431...

... , 70, 169, 403 "Toxicopsychology," 288 Trail Making Test, 41 Trauma, 91 Triadimefon, 187, 356 Trichloroethane, 78 Trichloroethylene, 165-166, 168-169, 187, 236, 237, 360 Triethylcholine, 212 Trimethyltin, 151-152, 282 Trinitrotoluene exposure, China, 287, 288 Tungsten, 78 TURBO Pascal, 368 Turkey, 317 U United Kingdom, 318 Institute of Occupational Health, 89 United States ALS incidence, 13 behavioral toxicology, 397 carbon disulfide use, 338 chemical exposure, 75-76 Department of Housing and Urban Development, 261 elderly population, 11 environmental movement, 403 lead regulation, 243, 260-262, 263 NCTB validation, 83, 314, 318 organic solvent exposure, 159 zamia poisoning in, 20-21 University of Milan, 87-88, 319, 342-343

Read the entire page →

From page 432...

... , 40, 52, 59, 304 INDEX Weiss, Bernard, 4 West Germany, 318, 319 White spirits, 162-163, 236, 360, 365-366 Whiting, Marjorie, 22 Williamson, Ann M., 90 Winneke, Gerhard, 271 WISC-R, 89, 292-293, 294, 304 Wistar rats, 111-114, 115, 184 World Health Organization, 47, 80-82, 83, 169, 325-326, 329, 335, 342, 360, 361 Office of Environmental Health Service, 317 Office of Occupational Health, 313 World War II, 32, 97, 209 Worksites. See Occupational exposure X X-ray fluorescence, 254 Xylene, 78, 170, 360 y Yugoslavia, 317 Yusho, 234 Zamia plants, 20-21 Zinc oxide, 78 z

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

Index Pages 419-432

Index
Pages 419-432