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Appendix C: Data Sources and Methodology for SMART Vaccines
Pages 99-110

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From page 99...
... In these cases, potential users of SMART Vaccines will have to decide whether to make new investments in data gathering infrastructures or to rely on low-cost approximations for initial priority setting exercises using SMART Vaccines. In many settings, the most useful way to get sufficient data to begin 99
From page 100...
... The primary sources for SMART Vaccines data were publications reporting primary epidemiologic and economic data or else reporting sufficient information to derive estimates of the primary data. Studies reporting data on a national scale were given precedence over those that analyzed populations on a state, county, or provincial basis.
From page 101...
... Its surveillance systems follow national guidelines within its scope of work to maintain standardized data collection. For instance, two surveillance systems collect information about rotavirus disease and the rotavirus vaccine: the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System and the New Vaccine Surveillance Network.
From page 102...
... is an international collaboration that describes the global distribution and causes of a wide array of major diseases, injuries, and health risk factors. GBD provides data on, among other things, age and sex-specific mortality, global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death, disability-adjusted life years for 291 diseases, and healthy life expectancy for 187 countries.
From page 103...
... The U.S. and South African population data were obtained from the WHO country statistics database, which houses actuarial data for various countries.
From page 104...
... When using SMART Vaccines to prioritize several vaccines in a population, the demographic data defining that population remain constant, while parameters specifying disease burden and vaccine-related information vary. Disease Characteristics: To illustrate the methods used to collect data on disease characteristics, we will use the case of influenza in the United States as an example.
From page 105...
... Because disease burden includes both mortality and morbidity, SMART Vaccines allows the user to specify morbidities associated with the disease in question. Morbidities are any conditions causing health and economic burden due to the disease and can be specified simply by stating the consequent condition with its severity, such as mild (influenza without outpatient visit)
From page 106...
... In the absence of such data either reported directly or else indirectly supported in the literature (e.g., used in a cost-effectiveness analysis with substantiated disutility estimates) , estimates were obtained using nearest analogy health states to segment the data (Fryback, 2009; Fryback et al., 2007)
From page 107...
... Economic Characteristics: The economic burden of each disease was estimated at the population level. Both payer and societal perspectives were used to calculate direct medical costs, vaccine delivery costs, and workforce productivity costs.
From page 108...
... Vaccine safety is not quantified in the current version of SMART Vaccines, it is only included in the qualitative attributes because vaccines considered within the software are hypothetical and may not have this information readily available. References AHRQ (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality)
From page 109...
... 2012. Common values in assess ing health outcomes from disease and injury: Disability weights mea surement study for the global burden of disease study 2010.


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