Inspection and Maintenance of Bridge Stay Cable Systems (2005) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C - Responses to Questionnaire (PDF Only)
Appendix C - Responses to Questionnaire (PDF Only)
Pages 76-205
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From page 76... ...
76 APPENDIX C Responses to Questionnaire
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From page 77... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 78... ...
Also external hydraulic dampers were installed on the longer stays Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 79... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 80... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 81... ...
no Q4-19: Do the cables have cross cables installed between them? no Q4-20: Do cables have other dampers (other than viscous or neoprene rings)
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From page 82... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 83... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 84... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 85... ...
not known -- moisture infiltration is suspected however, due to the limitations of available inspection methods; definitive evidence of corrosion is not available. Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages?
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From page 86... ...
Q6: Please comment on the effectiveness of any non-destructive test me thods for inspections of stay cables that you may be familiar with. These methods include (but are not lim ited to)
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From page 87... ...
Georges, New Castle County, Delaware Questionnaire Results Survey performed in 2004 Delaware considered by the department to establish baseline force data for the cable stays. Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control m easures that yo u may be fam iliar with.
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From page 88... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 89... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 90... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 91... ...
yes Q6: Please comment on the effectiveness of any non-destructive test me thods for inspections of stay cables that you may be familiar with. These methods include (but are not lim ited to)
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From page 92... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 93... ...
Helical strakes formed in the cable neoprene sheathing are also effective Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 94... ...
not known Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 95... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 96... ...
yes -- prior to installation of cross cables Q4-13: Have MTE corrosion problems been noted? no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages?
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From page 97... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 98... ...
yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? no, not known Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 99... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 100... ...
yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? no, not known Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 101... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 102... ...
not known Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 103... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 104... ...
yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? no, not known Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 105... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Wind damper is a high tech method that is very effective in most cases.
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From page 106... ...
None Additional comments? Comments followed by (DKD)
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From page 107... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 108... ...
Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Wind damper is a high tech method that is very effective in most cases.
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From page 109... ...
Consulting Engineers who was the lead design engineer for the Owensboro Bridge.
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From page 110... ...
yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? yes -- due to other reasons Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 111... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 112... ...
No comment/not known Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 113... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic m onitoring, vibration m onitoring, force measurem ents, strain m easurements, etc.
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From page 114... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no -- internal dampers at deck level, stuffing box with HDPE drilled plate and compressive material at pylon Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 115... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 116... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 117... ...
MoDOT has no related experience Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 118... ...
no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? not applicable Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 119... ...
Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Volumes can be written on this topic.
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From page 120... ...
N/A Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? N/A Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 121... ...
no comment Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 122... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 123... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. The only cable vibration control measures that Texas has experience with at this time are cross tie cables and neoprene rings.
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From page 124... ...
methods to determine conditions of stay cables. Q10: Do you believe that an up-to-date resource such as a national database of information on stay cable inspection methods, repairs, and testing would be a useful tool?
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From page 125... ...
yes -- possible wire breaks have been detected by acoustic monitoring syste m Q4-18: Do the cables have viscous dam pers installed at deck or tower levels? yes -- retrofitted to correct vibrations; presently being inst alled Q4-19: Do the cables have cross cables installed between them ?
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From page 126... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. The only cable vibration control measures that Texas has experience with at this time are cross tie cables and neoprene rings.
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From page 127... ...
methods to determine conditions of stay cables. Q10: Do you believe that an up-to-date resource such as a national database of information on stay cable inspection methods, repairs, and testing would be a useful tool?
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From page 128... ...
Q4-13: Have MTE corrosion problem s been noted ? not know n Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and botto m anchorage s?
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From page 129... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 130... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? not known Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 131... ...
N/A Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control m easures that yo u may be fam iliar with. Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 132... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 133... ...
N/A Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 134... ...
no at top, yes at bottom Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? no, not known Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 135... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. no vibrations noted Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with.
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From page 136... ...
yes -- misalignment, top guide pipes not concentric with PE is the only misalignment Q4-23: If there is protective tape wrapped around the cable sheathing; have there been reports of deterioration of the tape? no Q4-24: Have any problems associated with neoprene boots been noted?
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From page 137... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. no vibrations noted Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with.
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From page 138... ...
not known Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 139... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 140... ...
not known Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 141... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 142... ...
not known Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 143... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 144... ...
yes Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 145... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 146... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 147... ...
no answer Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 148... ...
yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? yes -- due to other reasons Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 149... ...
not use d Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control m easures that yo u may be fam iliar with. Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 150... ...
no Q4-18: Do the cables have viscous dampers installed at deck or tower levels? no -- damping via neoprene rings Q4-19: Do the cables have cross cables installed between them?
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From page 151... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 152... ...
no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? not applicable Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 153... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic m onitoring, vibration m onitoring, force measurem ents, strain m easurements, etc.
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From page 154... ...
no Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 155... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic monitoring, vibration monitoring, force measurements, strain measurements, etc.
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From page 156... ...
no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? not applicable Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 157... ...
Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with. Examples include acoustic m onitoring, vibration m onitoring, force measurem ents, strain m easurements, etc.
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From page 158... ...
no Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions? not applicable Q4-16: Has moisture been found in any of the internal components of stay cables such as the bottom anchorage areas?
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From page 159... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with.
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From page 160... ...
yes, corrosion on threaded rod Q4-14: Do cables have neoprene rings near the top and bottom anchorages? yes Q4-15: If there are neoprene rings on the cables; have there been any reports of movements of the rings out of their positions?
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From page 161... ...
Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Q8: Please comment on the effectiveness of any sensor-based, long-term monitoring systems for stay cables that you may be familiar with.
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From page 162... ...
not applicable Q4-23: If there is protective tape wrapped around the cable sheathing; have there been reports of deterioration of the tape? not applicable Q4-24: Have any problem s associated with neoprene boots been noted ?
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From page 163... ...
Q7: Please comment on the effectiveness of any cable vibration control measures that you may be familiar with. Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc.
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From page 164... ...
Q4-30: Do you have an inspection and maintenance manual for this bridge? Q5: Based on your experience and in general, do you believe that the current inspection, testing, monitoring, and repair methods available to you for stay cables are effective and adequate?
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From page 165... ...
Exam ples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. External helix placed on the surface of the stay pipes has been proven to eliminate rain – wind-induced cable vibrations.
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From page 166... ...
Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge, Boston, MA seven-wire steel strand greased-and-sheathed Yes -- sheathing removed in the anchorage zone Missouri Bill Emerson Memorial Bridge, Cape Girardeau seven-wire steel strand greased-and-sheathed yes Ohio Maumee River Bridge, Toledo seven-wire steel strand epoxy-coated inside and outside yes South Carolina Cooper River Bridge seven-wire steel strand other-waxed and sheathed yes Texas Veterans Memorial Bridge seven-wire steel strand bare N/A -- grouted though entire length and anchorage Texas Fred Hartman Bridge seven-wire steel strand bare N/A -- grouted though entire length and anchorage 166
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From page 167... ...
steel bar or threadbar galvanized steel no British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge Other -- 7.1- mm diam eter galvanized wire to ASTM A5 86; ult. strength = 1520 MPa; long lay strand asse mb lies with 109 to 283 wires per assem bly Greased-and- sheathed -- galvanized; galvanized wire cable jacketed in polyethylene tube and filled with petroleum wax blocking com pound Yes -- zinc-filled cast steel socket at end; grease discontinued in anchorages Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel seven-wire steel strand Galvanized steel, further coated with high density polyethylene yes, HDPE coating is removed New Brunswick Hawkshaw Steel wire -- 2-3/8-in.
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From page 168... ...
Harsha Bridge, Maysville, KY cem ent–water ad mi xtures yes, grease conical socket with wedges Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA cem ent–water yes, other "Hi-Am " type -- each wire also passes through a plate and has a button head anchor Mississippi Massachusetts Leonard P Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge, Boston, MA grout not used yes, other -- wax wedges Missouri Bill Em erson Me morial Bridge, Cape Girardeau cem ent–water ad mi xtures yes, grease wedges Ohio Ma um ee River Bridge, Toledo grout not used yes, grease wedges South Carolina Cooper River Bridge grout not used yes, other wedges 168
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From page 169... ...
grout not used no filler other -- threaded couplers/nuts British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge grout not used yes, other -- cast steel socket anchorage is filled with zinc zinc-filled cast steel socket Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel grout not used yes, other, epoxy f iller conical socket with wedges New Brunswick Hawkshaw grout not used no filler other -- 2-3/8-in. forged open strand New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 grout not used no filler other New Brunswick Nackawic River grout not used no filler other Quebec, Canada Galipeault grout not used no filler other -- closed and open socket Quebec, Canada Papineau not applicable no filler other -- cylindrical socket into which a threaded rod is screwed Quebec, Canada Price grout not used no filler other -- cylindrical socket into which a threaded rod is screwed 169
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From page 170... ...
Georges, New Castle County, Delaware yes steel pipe no Florida Dam e Point Bridge no steel pipe no Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah no HDPE with PVF Tedlar tape yes Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no HDPE with PVF Tedlar tape no Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL no UV-resistant HDPE. Contract in 2003 to wrap cables with elasto me ric wrap no Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL yes No answer, plans gave contractor option of steel or HDPE yes -- prior to installation of cross cables Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL no polyethylene stay pipes no Indiana I65-68-7910 no polyethylene stay pipes with pressure sensitive PVF tape no Iowa Burlington, IA no HDPE with PVF Tedlar tape yes Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY no UV-resistant HDPE with spiral on surface no Kentucky Willia m H
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From page 171... ...
No such vibrations have been observed on the Varina–Enon Bridge Washington Gu m Street -- Kennewick, WA no HDPE with PVF Tedlar tape no Washington Thea–Foss Taco ma, WA no no answer no Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, North Cable Stay no UV-resistant HDPE with spiral on surface, white co-extruded HDPE no -- vibration not expected for this sm all cable-stayed bridge Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, South Cable Stay no UV-resistant HDPE with spiral on surface, white co-extruded HDPE no -- vibration not expected for this sm all cable-stayed bridge Alberta/Calgary Prince's Island (Pedestrian) no no sheathing yes Alberta/Calgary Carburn Park (Pedestrian)
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From page 172... ...
No retaining devices were present Florida Dam e Point Bridge no no N/A Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah no yes yes -- due to loosening of retainers, and yes -- - due to shearing off of retainers Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no yes no, not known Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL not known yes no, not known Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL no yes no, not known Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL no yes no, not known Indiana I65-68-7910 no yes no, not known Iowa Burlington, IA not known yes no, not known Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY not known yes no, not known Kentucky Willia m H Harsha Bridge, Maysville, KY no no not applicable Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA yes -- see CTL rep ort of July 2004 yes yes -- due to other reasons Mississippi Massachusetts Leonard P
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From page 173... ...
yes no not applicable Alberta/Calgary Stoney Trail (Pedestrian) no no not applicable British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge no yes yes -- due to other reasons Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel no yes -- these provide dam ping no, not known New Brunswick Hawkshaw no no not applicable New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 no no not applicable New Brunswick Nackawic River no no not applicable Quebec, Canada Galipeault no no not applicable Quebec, Canada Papineau yes -- corrosion on threaded rod yes no, not known Quebec, Canada Price no yes yes -- due to shearing off of retainers 173
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From page 174... ...
Georges, New Castle County, Delaware Not known -- efflorescence fr om anchorages as well as protective pipe splice sleeves leads inspectors to believe mo isture is infiltrating the cable stay syste m no no Florida Dam e Point Bridge yes no no Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah no no no Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no no no Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL yes no no Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL Not known -- so me rust visible at a few anchorages no no Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL not tested no no Indiana I65-68-7910 not tested no no Iowa Burlington, IA not known no no Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY yes -- moisture was detected during construction when a cable slipped the wedge and had to be replaced, but not since no no Kentucky Willia m H Harsha Bridge, Maysville, KY no no no Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA yes -- see July 2004 CTL report no no Mississippi Massachusetts Leonard P
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From page 175... ...
no yes no Alberta/Calgary Stoney Trail (Pedestrian) no no no British Columbia Alex Fraser Bridge no no no Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel no no no -- damping via neoprene rings New Brunswick Hawkshaw not tested no yes -- retrofitted to correct vibrations.
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From page 176... ...
Cracking has been attributed to the position of a construction grout vent hole at a high stress location Florida Da me Point Bridge yes -- fro m the beginning no yes -- connections Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah no no no Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no no no Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL no no yes -- sheathing Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL yes -- retrofitted to correct vibrations no not known Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL yes -- fr om the beginning no no Indiana I65-68-7910 no no no Iowa Burlington, IA yes -- retrofitted to correct vibrations yes, other -- Tie cables no Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY yes -- fro m the beginning no no Kentucky Willia m H Harsha Bridge, Maysville, KY yes -- fro m the beginning no no answer Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA no no yes -- sheathing Mississippi Massachusetts Leonard P
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From page 177... ...
yes -- fro m the beginning no no British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge no no no Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel no no no New Brunswick Hawkshaw no yes -- other da mp ers, wood clam ps not applicable New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 no yes -- other da mp ers not applicable New Brunswick Nackawic River no yes -- other da mp ers not applicable Quebec, Canada Galipeault no no not applicable Quebec, Canada Papineau no no no Quebec, Canada Price no no no 177
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From page 178... ...
Georges, New Castle County, Delaware no not applicable -- the protective steel pipe is painted yes -- minor tearing of one neoprene boot has been observed Florida Dam e Point Bridge no N/A no Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah yes -- cracking no no Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no no no Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL no N/A -- see co mm en t above about wrapping in 2003 no Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL no no no Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL no N/A no Indiana I65-68-7910 not applicable no no Iowa Burlington, IA no yes -- mi nor dam ag e no Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY no no no Kentucky Willia m H Harsha Bridge, Maysville, KY no not applicable no Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA no yes -- moderate dam age -- dam aged areas of undeterm ined cause.
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From page 179... ...
not applicable not applicable no Alberta/Calgary Stoney Trail (Pedestrian) no not known no British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge not applicable not applicable -- repairs used protective tape, no deterioration observed yes -- shifting and splitting Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel no not applicable no New Brunswick Hawkshaw not applicable no New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 not applicable yes -- mi nor dam ag e New Brunswick Nackawic River not applicable no Quebec, Canada Galipeault not applicable not applicable no Quebec, Canada Papineau not applicable not applicable no Quebec, Canada Price not applicable not applicable no 179
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From page 180... ...
Responses: State Bridge Q4.25 Q4.26 Q4.27 Alaba ma Cochrane Africatown Ultrasonic and vibration-based for ce me asure m ents vibration m onitoring yes -- some neoprene boots were replaced Alaska Sitka Harbor Bridge, Sitka, Alaska Vibration-based force me asure m ents not perform ed no -- during mid-1990s cables were re m oved, inspected, and replaced after no defects observed Alaska Captain William Moore Bridge, Skagway Vibration-based force me asure m ents not perform ed Bridge redesigned for higher load capacity. New cables were installed during mi d- 1990s California Sacra m ento River (Meridian)
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From page 181... ...
Zakim Bunker Hill Bridge, Boston, MA not perform ed not perform ed no Missouri Bill Em erson Me morial Bridge, Cape Girardeau not perform ed not perform ed yes -- splices were added to HDPE sheathing during construction of a couple of cables Ohio Ma um ee River Bridge, Toledo not perform ed not perform ed no South Carolina Cooper River Bridge not perform ed not perform ed no Texas Veterans Me mo rial Bridge Vibration-based force me asure m ents, used to aid in the design of viscous dam pers for the bridge. Perform ed periodically to co mp are predam pe ned response to post-dam pened response Acoustic wire break detection, vibration m onitoring, other.
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From page 182... ...
. Therefore, added strands at all locations not perform ed no Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, South Cable Stay Not perform ed.
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From page 183... ...
yes Florida Dam e Point Bridge no no yes Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah yes -- some removal and inspection was done in 2002. Grout was found to be satisfactory yes yes Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick no answer yes yes Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL no yes no Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL no yes yes, not included for security reasons Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL no Not known -- I would hope that they could be if needed yes Indiana I65-68-7910 no Not known -- I would hope that they could be if needed yes Iowa Burlington, IA no yes yes Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY no yes -- cable only.
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From page 184... ...
no yes no British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge no yes yes Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel no yes no -- since this is a new bridge this should be an upcom ing deliverable from our consultant New Brunswick Hawkshaw not applicable not known no New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 not applicable not known no New Brunswick Nackawic River not applicable not known no Quebec, Canada Galipeault not applicable yes no Quebec, Canada Papineau no no no Quebec, Canada Price no yes no 184
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From page 185... ...
Examples include installation of cross cables, viscous dampers, neoprene rings, etc. Responses: State Bridge Q5 Q6 Q7 Alabam a Cochrane Africatown yes Several non- destructive tests were run after an extre me oscillation event.
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From page 186... ...
Finally, when the X-ray im aging me thod was considered, it only allowed a view of a discrete section of the cable stay as opposed to a global or "traveling" operation, which would allow an The neoprene dampers of the C&D Canal Bridge appear to operating adequately, particularly since the repositioning and installation of set screws into the outer neoprene rings. Excessive vibration of the stay cables has not been noted.
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From page 187... ...
It is relatively easy and inexpensive to perform These methods are all effective in controlling free vibrations of the cables. Helical strakes form ed in the cable neoprene sheathing are also effective Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL no no answer Cross cables on the Clark Bridge have been effective Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL no no answer Cross cables on the Clark Bridge have been effective Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL no -- we will be having these two bridges inspected and tested by a consultant in the next 1–2 year ti me fr am e.
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From page 188... ...
However, I have not been at either of these bridges during bad weather Iowa Burlington, IA no -- need way to inspect cable Have not had experience with non- destructive test me thods Have not had vibration problem s since cross cables were installed Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY no -- there are technical lim itations that prevent inspection of the stay cables, especially the anchorage area. Technical breakthrough is required The only problem is the anchorage area.
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From page 189... ...
(PB) Louisiana Mississippi River Bridge at Luling, LA Not known -- our vibration tests over time have indicated consistent cable loads; we are still unable to call the wires pristine Vibration-based cable load determination -- effective and inexpensive; X-ray -- expensive, slow, very questionable ability to detect wire defects; Magnetic inspection -- used to rapidly, effectively inspect mine cables -- but the cables move past the inspection unit, which would need to be reversed on a cable bridge; Impulse radar -- good for detecting grout defects; Sonic methods -- dampened to the point of being ineffective Luling has neoprene rings, but these are relatively very small considering the large diameter of the Luling cables and are there mainly to seal the anchors, but perhaps they also dampen the cables.
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From page 190... ...
Cross cables are not needed in shorter spans Missouri Bill Em erson Me morial Bridge, Cape Girardeau Not known -- MoDOT has no related experience MoDOT has no related experience Cross cables have been installed on this bridge as the mo st effective, positive me thod to elim inate cable vibrations. We understand that worldwide research is being conducted to ma xi mi ze the efficiency of da mp ers and to determ ine, ma the ma tically, when they are and are not required Ohio Ma um ee River Bridge, Toledo yes -- while better methods ma y be developed in the future, the current me thods are both effective and adequate.
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From page 191... ...
Provisions for future installation of cross cables will be installed. If the syste m of viscous and external da mp ers is inadequate, the cross cables can be installed Texas Veterans Me mo rial Bridge yes -- owners are unable to non-destructively evaluate the condition of stay cables and anchorages TxDOT has emplo yed vibration-based for ce me asure m ents to refine the m odel used for designing viscous da mp ers on each of the cable stay bridges.
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From page 192... ...
Details of an altern ate stay da mp ing system utilizing shock absorbers have been included in the Manual for Inspection and Maintenance of the Varina–Enon Bridge Washington Gu m Street -- Kennewick, WA yes N/A N/A Washington Thea–Foss Tacoma, WA yes N/A N/A Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, North Cable Stay Not known -- no previous experience with cable- stayed structure City inspection forces are neither qualified nor equipped for non- destructive testing. Four single strands are to be rem oved (one at each pylon)
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From page 193... ...
yes no answer The installation of cross cables have greatly reduced the cable vibration Alberta/Calgary Stoney Trail (Pedestrian) yes no answer The installation of cross cables have greatly reduced the cable vibration British Columbia Alex Fraser Bridge yes not used Neoprene ring dampers alone do not prevent cable vibration Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel Not known -- we require training and awareness in the near future to properly maintain the one new bridge we have We do not yet have enough experience to respond to this question at this time.
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From page 194... ...
The cables on the Cooper River Bridge are state of the art With ungrouted stays, individual strands ma y be detensioned, inspected, retensioned, or re m oved and/or replaced. Load cells ma y be left in place to m onitor strands individually.
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From page 195... ...
NCHRP SYNTHESIS TOPIC 35-07 -- INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGE STAY CABLE SYSTEMS State Bridge Q5 Q6 Q7 ungrouted stays with capacity to add approximately 5% strand in the future and the stays are fitted with engineered vibration suppression devices. Internal hydraulic and external hydraulic damping devices are being installed and provisions provide for the possible addition of cable ties (damping ropes)
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From page 196... ...
Responses: State Bridge Q8 Q9 Q10 Alabama Cochrane Africatown Check with A.G. Lichtenstein Provide access on inside and outside of tower anchorage not known Alaska Sitka Harbor Bridge, Sitka, Alaska N/A N/A yes Alaska Captain William Moore Bridge, Skagway N/A N/A yes California Sacramento River (Meridian)
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From page 197... ...
on one- fourth of the stays of the Quincy Bayview Bridge. This was done due to concern over water in the cable anchorages and to evaluate the technology.
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From page 198... ...
Not known -- while inform ation can be useful, it can also be mi sinterpreted. The best resource is direct contact with those who have hands-on knowledge related to the specific area th at an individual ma y be ma king inquiries South Carolina Cooper River Bridge none Include a maintenance ma nual with clear instructions for both specific wires or fu ll cables yes Texas Veterans Me mo rial Bridge The department has installed an acoustic m onitoring system to identify possible wire breaks at the Fred Har tm an Bridge.
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From page 199... ...
no comments no comments yes Washington Gum Street -- Kennewick, WA N/A unknown yes Washington Thea–Foss Tacoma, WA N/A unknown yes Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, North Cable Stay not applicable no answer yes Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, South Cable Stay not applicable no answer yes Alberta/Calgary Prince's Island (Pedestrian) Have not used vibration monitoring on a longterm basis.
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From page 200... ...
Possibly a closeable drain at the lower end of the cable to allow visual inspection, sa mp le collection, testing for corrosion product of any water in the cable sheaths yes Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel Not enough experience to co mm ent at this ti me Different corrosion protection system at the anchorages that perm its easier visual inspection. Rem ovable sections of the HDPE and Vandal Tubes would ma ke it easier to inspect strands near the anchorages yes New Brunswick Hawkshaw Monitoring of deflection of bridge by student at Nackawic no answer yes New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 Monitoring of deflection of bridge by student at Nackawic no answer yes New Brunswick Nackawic River Monitoring of deflection of bridge by student at Nackawic no answer yes Quebec, Canada Galipeault No long-term m onitoring on our stay cable bridges at the present ti me no answer yes Quebec, Canada Papineau No long-term m onitoring on our stay cable bridges at the present ti me no answer yes Quebec, Canada Price Freyssinet We believe acoustical m onitoring is an effective me thod to record wire failures.
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From page 201... ...
NCHRP SYNTHESIS TOPIC 35-07 -- INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGE STAY CABLE SYSTEMS State Bridge Q8 Q9 Q10 is equal in all individual strands within reasonable tolerances such that by monitoring one strand, the load in cable is known 201
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From page 202... ...
1-902, SR-1 over the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, St. Georges, New Castle County, Delaware Effective corrosion barriers that do not interfere with the ability to adequately inspect and assess the health of the cable stay system on a regular interval and within practical me ans Florida Da me Point Bridge Accessibility for inspection and ma intenance Man-lift truck Georgia Talmadge Me mo rial Bridge, Savannah Access to the cable anchorages Television endoscope- type ca me ras for access to guide pipes at bridge deck level is helpful Georgia Sidney Lanier Bridge, Brunswick Access to the cable anchorages Television endoscope- type ca me ras for access to guide pipes at bridge deck level is helpful Illinois Quincy Bayview Bridge at Quincy, IL Uncertainty of cable condition and anchorages no answer Illinois Clark Bridge at Alton, IL Uncertainty of cable condition and anchorages no answer Indiana 46-03-7495 EBL Inspection, access, testing, cost no answer Indiana I65-68-7910 Inspection, access, testing, cost no answer Iowa Burlington, IA The inability to inspect the elem ents inside the cable and the anchorage areas no answer Kentucky Willia m Natcher Bridge, Owensboro, KY Inspecting the cable anchors.
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From page 203... ...
thus, it is impossible to identify corrosion problems early MoDOT has no related experience Ohio Maumee River Bridge, Toledo The largest "problem" with stay cables is that they are widely perceived as "a problem" rather than just another bridge member with specific needs and characteristics. Stay cables have been placed unnecessarily "on a pedestal." While they are a very important bridge member, in current designs they are highly redundant, overtested, and (relatively)
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From page 204... ...
The configuration and construction techniques make evaluation and inspection using nondestructive techniques almost impossible no answer Virginia I-295 over James River (Varina–Enon Bridge) Lack of familiarity with this type of construction by the department's staff which requires assistance from the consultant community in the inspection of these elements no answer Washington Gum Street -- Kennewick, WA none yet N/A Washington Thea–Foss Tacoma, WA none yet N/A Wisconsin Sixth Street Viaduct, North Cable Stay Cannot inspect cables without pulling strand every 10 years Four strands (one at each pylon)
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From page 205... ...
Access for inspection and actual testing no answer The five bridges identified are all pedestrian structures. Three over water and two over roadways British Colu mb ia Alex Fraser Bridge Detecting corrosio n in cables, ma intenance of sheaths and boots no comm ent Have had leakage of wax blocking com pound at bottom anchorages during hot weather Manitoba/Winnipeg Esplanade Riel Corrosion at the anchorages no answer New Brunswick Hawkshaw Migration of water into cable strands no answer New Brunswick Longs Creek #1 Migration of water into cable strands no answer New Brunswick Nackawic River Migration of water into cable strands no answer Quebec, Canada Galipeault Fatigue no answer We have had a seri ous problem on Galipeault bridge no.
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Key Terms
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